Bernard Onyango Awuonda, MD^1*, Charles Kiyaga, PhD^2*, Lulu Chirande, MD^3*, Patience Camille Franklin, MD^4*, Obiageli E Nnodu, MD⁵, Emmanuela Eusebio Ambrose, MD⁶, Livingstone Gayus Dogara, MD^7*, Catherine Mupela Chunda-Liyoka, MD, MSc⁸, Catherine I. Segbefia, MBChB^9*, Theresa Louise Coetzer, PhD¹⁰ and Russell E. Ware¹¹

¹Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital, KISUMU, Kenya
²Central Public Health Laboratories, Kampala, UGA
³Muhimbili National Hospital and Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, United Republic of
⁴John F. Kennedy Medical Center, Monrovia, Liberia
⁵University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
⁶Paediatric department, haematology section, Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania
⁷Kaduna State University, Kaduna, NGA
⁸University Teaching Hospitals- Children’s Hospital,, Lusaka, Zambia
⁹University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
¹⁰University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
¹¹Division of Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH

Alexandra Power-Hays, MD^1,2, Kathryn E. McElhinney^1*, Teresa S. Latham, MA^1*, Tom N. Williams, MD, PhD^3*, George Mochamah, MSc^4*, Peter Olupot-Olupot, MD PhD^5*, George Paasi, MD^5*, Marvin Ellsworth Reid^6*, Angela Rankine-Mullings, MBBS⁷, Robert Opoka, MBChB, PhD^8*, Chandy C. John, MD, MS^9*, Patrick T. McGann, MD, PhD¹⁰, Charles T. Quinn, MD, MS^11,12, Susan E. Stuber, MA^1* and Russell E. Ware^1,2

¹Division of Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
²Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
³KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
⁴Epidemiology and Demography, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
⁵Mbale Clinical Research Institute, Mbale, Uganda
⁶Office of the Dean, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
⁷Sickle Cell Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
⁸Aga Khan University Medical School, Nairobi, Kenya
⁹Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
¹⁰Brown University Health Sickle Cell Center, Providence, RI
¹¹College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
¹²Division of Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Med. Ctr., Cincinnati, OH

Shubaya Kasule Naggayi, MSc^1*, Dennis Kalibala, MSc^2*, Vincent Mboizi, MD, MMED, MS^2*, John Ssenkusu, PhD^3*, Zhezhen Jin^4*, Caterina Rosano, MD, MPH^5*, Deogratias Munube, MD^6*, Phillip Kasirye, MD^7*, Robert Opoka, MBChB, PhD^8*, Ezekiel Mupere, MD, PhD^7*, Richard Idro, MBChB, PhD^7*, Nancy S. S. Green, MD⁹ and Paul Bangirana, PhD^10*

¹Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
²Global Health Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
³Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
⁴Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, NewYork, NewYork, NY
⁵Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
⁶Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University School of Medicine, Kampala, Uganda
⁷Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
⁸Aga Khan University Medical School, Nairobi, Kenya
⁹Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
¹⁰Department of Psychiatry, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda

Philippe Backeljauw, MD^1*, George A. Tomlinson, PhD^2*, Luke R. Smart, MD³, Leon Tshilolo, MD PhD^4*, Thomas N. Williams, MD, PhD^5*, Brigida Santos, MD^6*, Peter Olupot-Olupot, MD PhD^7*, Susan E. Stuber, MA^3*, Adam C. Lane, PhD^3*, Teresa S. Latham, MA^3* and Russell E. Ware³

¹Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH
²University Health Network, Toronto, ON, CAN
³Division of Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
⁴Centre Hospitalier Monkole, Kinshasa, Congo (The Democratic Republic of the)
⁵KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
⁶Hospital Pediatrico David Bernardino, Luanda, Angola
⁷Mbale Clinical Research Institute, Mbale, Uganda

Thomas N. Williams, MD, PhD^1*, Teresa S. Latham, MA^2*, George A. Tomlinson, PhD^3*, Peter Olupot-Olupot, MD PhD^4*, Brigida Santos, MD^5*, Leon Tshilolo, MD PhD^6*, Adam C. Lane, PhD^2*, Banu Aygun, MD⁷, Susan E. Stuber, MA^2*, Luke R. Smart, MD² and Russell E. Ware²

¹KEMRI, Kilifi, Kenya
²Division of Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
³University Health Network, Toronto, ON, CAN
⁴Mbale Clinical Research Institute, Mbale, Uganda
⁵Hospital Pediatrico David Bernardino, Luanda, Angola
⁶Centre Hospitalier Monkole, Kinshasa, Congo (The Democratic Republic of the)
⁷Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Cellular Therapy, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY

Alexandra Power-Hays, MD^1,2, Ruth Namazzi, MD^3,4, Charles Kato^4*, Andrea Conroy, PhD^5*, Heather Ann Hume, MD, FRCPC⁶, Chandy C. John, MD, MS^7*, Robert Opoka, MBChB, PhD^8*, Susan E. Stuber, MA^1*, Adam C. Lane, PhD^1*, Teresa S. Latham, MA^1* and Russell E. Ware¹

¹Division of Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
²Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
³Department of Paediatrics, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
⁴Global Health Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
⁵Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
⁶Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte Justine, Montreal, QC, CAN
⁷Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
⁸Aga Khan University Medical School, Nairobi, Kenya