Type: Oral
Session: 114. Sickle Cell Disease, Sickle Cell Trait, and Other Hemoglobinopathies, Excluding Thalassemias: Clinical and Epidemiological: Improving Outcomes in Sickle Cell Disease Around the World
Hematology Disease Topics & Pathways:
Research, Clinical Research
Methods: After written informed consent, timed blood samples were collected from children with SCA enrolled on the NOHARM (Uganda, NCT03128515), REACH (Uganda and Kenya, NCT01966731), and EXTEND (Jamaica, NCT02556099) trials. Hydroxyurea concentrations were collected with sparse sampling and quantified via HPLC or mass spectrometry. PK dosing software (HdxSim) was used to determine each individual’s hydroxyurea absorption, volume of distribution, and clearance and to calculate the daily dose predicted to achieve MTD based on the target hydroxyurea exposure of 115 mg*h/L established from the HUSTLE cohort. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) testing was used to compare the PK parameters among geographic regions (USA, Africa, Caribbean).
Results: Hydroxyurea PK profiles were collected and analyzed from 425 children: 122 American, 262 African, and 42 Caribbean. There was variation in age (range 0.5-18 years), weight (7-88 kilograms), and hydroxyurea test dose (13-44 mg/kg) across regions based on the trial methods and eligibility. There were no differences in hydroxyurea absorption (p=0.40), volume of distribution (p=0.38), or clearance (p=0.24). The doses recommended to achieve MTD were not significantly different across global regions; the mean ± standard deviation (SD) in mg/kg/day was 28.3 ± 7.3 in the American cohorts, 29.5 ± 10.6 in the African cohorts, and 27.4 ± 11.2 in the Caribbean cohort (p=0.30, f=1.2). Of the 425 participants, 144 (34%; 63 American, 39 African, and 42 Caribbean) had PK profiles collected at MTD. There were no statistically significant differences in exposure; the mean ± SD in mg*hr/L was 115 ± 29 in the American cohort, 100 ± 40 in the African cohort, and 111 ± 46 in the Caribbean cohort (p=0.16, f=1.9).
Conclusion: Hydroxyurea PK parameters of children with SCA from around the world are consistent in absorption, volume of distribution, clearance, dose predicted to reach MTD, and hydroxyurea exposure at MTD. The PK model is robust despite variations in sampling technique, storage conditions, and chromatographic analysis across study methods. Future trials will evaluate the feasibility, safety, benefits, and cost effectiveness of prospective PK-guided hydroxyurea dosing in Africa and the Caribbean. PK-guided dosing may allow more children to be treated with hydroxyurea at MTD upfront, maximizing the benefits of this life-saving medication without stepwise escalation.
Disclosures: Power-Hays: Novo Nordisk: Other: Health Equity Advisory Board. McGann: Novartis: Research Funding. Quinn: Aruvant: Research Funding; Hillhurst Biopharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Disc Medicine: Consultancy; Emmaus Medical: Research Funding. Ware: Merck Pharmaceuticals: Other: Medical Advisory Board; Novo Nordisk: Other: Health Equity Advisory Board; Theravia: Other: Medical Advisory Board; Nova Laboratories: Other: Medical Advisory Board.