Session: 605. Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Resistance: Lymphoid Neoplasms: Poster I
Hematology Disease Topics & Pathways:
Research, Translational Research
Methods: To explore the alterations in signaling pathways regulated by SOX11, we utilized CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to create stable knockouts of SOX11 in two MCL cell lines. For SOX11 overexpression, we used a lentiviral vector containing a 3xFLAG-tagged SOX11 construct. We conducted single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on normal and tumor B cells in BTKi-sensitive and BTKi-resistant patients. Additionally, we employed a small molecule inhibitor of SOX11 (Jatiani et al., CCR 2021), SOX11 degraders, and performed apoptosis assay, western blot, and flow cytometry experiments, along with in vivo studies.
Results: Our previous studies (Kuo et al., Oncogene 2015) and others (Vegliante et al., Blood 2013) have shown that PAX5 is a direct target of SOX11. The CD19 receptor is a co-stimulatory molecule downstream of PAX5 that amplifies BCR signaling. Our scRNA-seq results (Zhang et al., Nat. Commun. 2021) showed SOX11 is overexpressed in tumor B cells from Ibrutinib-resistant patients as compared to Ibrutinib-sensitive patients (p<0.05). Moreover, SOX11 mRNA expression correlated with PAX5 (R=0.62, P<0.05) and CD19 expression (R=0.55, p<0.05) in Ibrutinib resistant samples. CRISPR-cas9 mediated depletion of SOX11 in MCL cell lines Z-138 and JeKo-1 resulted in decreased expression of PAX5 and CD19 resulting in the concurrent decrease of BCR signaling (p-BTK, p-SYK, p-AKT, and p-PLCγ). Consistently, overexpression of SOX11 could restore PAX5 and CD19 expression. We also confirmed that depleting PAX5 in JeKo-1 and MAVER-1 cells overexpressing SOX11 reduces CD19 expression. These findings were further supported by observations in Eμ-SOX11 overexpressing transgenic mice, which showed higher PAX5 expression in splenic B1a cells compared to wild-type mice. Treatment with a SOX11 DNA binding inhibitor (SOX11i) in MCL cells significantly decreased the expression of PAX5, and CD19 and reduced the p-BTK, p-SYK, p-AKT, and p-PLCγ in both Ibrutinib sensitive Z-138, JeKo-1, and Ibrutinib resistant JeKo-1_IBNR cell line with increased PI3K-AKT signaling modeling BCR bypass (Zhao et al., Nat. Commun. 2017). Importantly, SOX11 inhibitor was able to demonstrate cytotoxicity in Ibrutinib-resistant PDX models as well as synergize with Ibrutinib in JeKo-1_IBNR cells. The SOX11i treatment reduced the tumor growth in vivo in a Z-138 MCL xenograft model without any weight loss or organ toxicity. Furthermore, we developed a novel SOX11-specific degrader using PROTAC technology, consisting of a warhead ligand for SOX11, an E3 ubiquitin ligase-binding ligand, and a linker. The degrader treatment in MCL cells (JeKo-1, Z-138) successfully replicated the effects observed with SOX11 genetic knockdown.
Conclusion: Our findings highlight a novel pathway for BCR signaling modulated via the SOX11-PAX5-CD19 axis. We demonstrate the expression of SOX11 in Ibrutinib-resistant primary tumors, and the ability to inhibit SOX11-driven BCR signaling in Ibrutinib-sensitive as well as Ibrutinib-resistant models. Developing SOX11 inhibitors and SOX11-targeting degraders offers significant potential for MCL patients, especially those resistant to ibrutinib, by targeting upstream resistance mechanisms.
Disclosures: Wang: Praxel: Consultancy; Pepromene Oncology: Consultancy; Oncternal: Consultancy, Research Funding; Lilly: Consultancy, Research Funding; Juno Therapeutics: Research Funding; Miltenyi Biomedicine: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy, Research Funding; InnoCare: Consultancy, Research Funding; Genentech: Consultancy, Research Funding; Deciphera: Consultancy; bE Biopharma: Consultancy; Amphista Therapeutics Limited: Consultancy; ADC Therapeutics: Consultancy; WedMD: Honoraria; South African Clinical Hematology Society: Honoraria; Studio ER Congressi: Honoraria; Scripps: Honoraria; Research to Practice: Honoraria; Physicians Education Resources: Honoraria; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; NIH: Honoraria; Nurix: Honoraria; MSC National Research Institute of Oncology: Honoraria; Merck: Consultancy, Honoraria; MJH Life Sciences: Honoraria; Kite, a Gilead Company: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen: Honoraria; Genmab: Honoraria, Research Funding; Dava Oncology: Honoraria; Catamount Medical Education: Honoraria; CAHON: Honoraria; BMS/Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; BioInvent: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; BeiGene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Acerta Pharma: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria.
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