Session: 603. Lymphoid Oncogenesis: Basic: Poster III
Hematology Disease Topics & Pathways:
Research, Fundamental Science, Lymphoid Leukemias, ALL, Acute Myeloid Malignancies, AML, Genetic Disorders, Hematopoiesis, Diseases, Immunology, Lymphoid Malignancies, Metabolism, Myeloid Malignancies, Biological Processes, Molecular biology
We present here an iterative approach to developing an accurate syngeneic MLL-r B-ALL model using retroviral delivery of fusion oncoproteins. To study the lineage-unstable nature of MLL-r B-ALL, MLL-r CD19-positive B-ALL cells were first generated in vitro in an IL-7-dependent, stroma-free condition via retroviral delivery of MLL-r alleles. During transformation, we show ongoing Ig heavy chain rearrangements and acquisition of a stable pro B cell phenotype similar to that of human MLL-r B-ALL. RNA sequencing revealed a particular suite of myeloid gene expression despite immunophenotyping consistent with a pro B cell identity. Despite this stable phenotype in vitro, engraftment into murine newborn recipients was accompanied by a rapid lineage switch from CD19-positive B-ALL to CD19-negative AML. Immunoglobulin heavy chain D-J rearrangements were present in AML cells from relapsed recipients, suggesting that the B-ALL and AML were progeny of B-ALL. We show that blocking myeloid lineage access by generating MLL-r Cebpa-/- B-ALL is not sufficient to support B-ALL in vivo. When wild-type (WT) and RAGγC-/- newborn recipients were compared, the B-ALL switch to AML occurred with delayed kinetics in RAGγC-/- recipients, suggesting that elevated levels of free IL-7 could be a factor in supporting B-ALL in vivo. To test this hypothesis, we employed IL7R blocking antibodies and IL-7 injections. Strikingly, manipulating IL7 signaling influenced the kinetics of lineage switch. Further, constitutive activation of Stat5 (Stat5CA) significantly delayed the AML LS, leading to a biphenotypic leukemia in both WT and RAGγC-/- recipients. CD19 CAR T infusion accelerated lineage switching in our MLL-r B-ALL models with and without Stat5CA.
In summary, we developed a universally applicable, novel syngeneic murine B-ALL model to study factors involved in lineage switching to AML in vivo. Using this model, we made three key discoveries: 1) lack of access to the myeloid lineage is insufficient to maintain B-ALL in vivo in mice, 2) the IL7-Stat5 axis can be enhanced to maintain B-ALL stability and more accurately model human MLL-r B-ALL, and 3) there are distinct transcriptional differences between de novo AML and lineage-switched AML, even when driven by the same MLL fusion oncoprotein.
Disclosures: Fry: United States Patent and Trademark Office: Patents & Royalties: WO2019178382A1; United States Patent and Trademark Office: Patents & Royalties: WO2015084513A1; Sana Biotechnology: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Ended employment in the past 24 months; United States Patent and Trademark Office: Patents & Royalties: WO2017205747A1.