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1625 Pretreatment with BTK Inhibitors Could Improve the Sensitivity of DLBCL Cells to CAR-T Cells in Co-Culture System By Down-Regulating the Polarization of M2 Macrophages

Program: Oral and Poster Abstracts
Session: 622. Lymphomas: Translational - Non-Genetic: Poster I
Hematology Disease Topics & Pathways:
Research, Translational Research
Saturday, December 7, 2024, 5:30 PM-7:30 PM

Yao Qi, MD1*, Jia Wang2*, Xin Li3*, Juan Mu4*, Rui Cui5* and QI Deng6*

1Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, AL, China
2Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, CA, China
3Tianjin First Centre Hospital, Tianjin, AL, China
4Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
5Department of hematology, Tianjin First center hospital, Tianjin, China
6Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China

Background: The Tumor microenvironment (TME) of relapsed/refractory (R/R) diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients is associated with resistance of DLBCL cells to CD19 CAR-T cells. How to improve TME in DLBCL and improve the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy remains to be further explored.

Methods: We observed the sensitivity of HBL-1/U2932 cells pretreated with BTK inhibitors to CAR-T cells with flow cytometry (FCM), then observed the sensitivity of HBL-1 cells extracted from the co-culture system to CAR-T cells. Effect of pretreatment of BTK inhibitors on the substitute activated M2 macrophages was observed with FCM, Real-time PCR and Western blot method. Then the expression consistency of Notch-1 and RBP-J in activated M2 macrophages was observed by siRNA transfection of Notch-1.

Results: After substitute activated M2 macrophages and HBL-1 cells were pretreated with ibrutinib/orelabrutinib respectively, the cytotoxicity of CAR-T cells to HBL-1 cells was higher than that of in substitute activated M2 macrophages pretreated with ibrutinib/orelabrutinib group, and higher than that of in HBL-1 cells pretreated with ibrutinib/orelabrutinib group. The cytotoxicity of CAR-T cells to HBL-1 cells in co-culture system (HBL-1 cells and substitute activated M2 macrophages) was down-regulated by Notch1 agonist. The drug resistance of HBL-1 cells to CD19 CAR-T cells induced by Notch1 agonist could be reversed by replacing the M2 macrophages (M2 macrophages after 48h pretreatment with BTK inhibitors) in co-culture system (Pibrutinib<0.001 and Porelabrutinib<0.001). In co-culture system of HBL-1 cells and activated M2 macrophages, the expression of CD206 and IL-10 in activated M2 macrophages were up-regulated. Pretreatment with BTK inhibitors could down-regulate the expression of CD206 and IL-10 in activated M2 macrophages. Pretreatment with BTK inhibitors down-regulated the expression of Arg-1 and up-regulated the expression of iNOS in activated M2 macrophages. The expression of Notch1 protein in activated M2 macrophages was down-regulated by pretreatment with ibrutinib/orelabrutinib (Pibrutinib<0.001 and Porelabrutinib<0.001). The up-regulation polarization of M2 macrophages by Notch1 agonist could be reversed by BTK inhibitors. The expression of RBP-J protein in activated M2 macrophages was down-regulated by pretreatment with ibrutinib/orelabrutinib (Pibrutinib<0.001 and Porelabrutinib<0.001). RBP-J has Notch 1 binding site and is regulated by Notch 1. The expression of Notch 1 protein decreased in substitute activated M2 macrophages by siRNA silencing Notch 1 (P<0.001). At the same time, the expression of RBP-J protein decreased in substitute activated M2 macrophages by siRNA silencing Notch 1 also (P<0.001). We also demonstrated our results in lymphoma mouse model. The expression of CD206 and IL-10 in macrophages from residual lymphoma tissue in mice were down-regulated in ibrutinib group (P=0.011and P=0.006) and CAR-T+ ibrutinib group (P=0.009 and P=0.004) compared with CAR-T group.

Conclusion: Pretreatment with BTK inhibitors could down-regulate the polarization of M2 macrophages and reverse the resistance of DLBCL cells which were co-cultured with substitute activated M2 macrophages to CAR-T cells. This effect might be achieved by down-regulating the Notch-RBP-J pathway.

Key words: Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells, Macrophages, Polarization, Chimeric antigen receptor

Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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