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3158 ASXL1 Mutations at Diagnosis Did Not Impact on the Depth of Molecular Response (MR) and on Treatment-Free Remission (TFR) Eligibility in Chronic Phase (CP) Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) Patients (pts) Receiving either Nilotinib (NIL) First-Line or Imatinib (IM) with Early Switch to NIL in Case of No Optimal Response in the SUSTRENIM Clinical Trial

Program: Oral and Poster Abstracts
Session: 632. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Clinical and Epidemiological: Poster II
Hematology Disease Topics & Pathways:
Research, Clinical trials, Clinical Research, Biological therapies
Sunday, December 8, 2024, 6:00 PM-8:00 PM

Simona Soverini, PhD1, Sara De Santis2*, Cecilia Monaldi2*, Manuela Mancini3*, Valentina Giai, MD, PhD4*, Marco Cerrano, MD5*, Isabella Capodanno, MD6*, Massimiliano Bonifacio, MD7,8*, Elisabetta Abruzzese, MD9, Alessandra Iurlo, MD, PhD10*, Fausto Castagnetti, MD, PhD11, Rosaria Sancetta, MD12*, Luciano Levato13*, Carmen Fava, MD, PhD14,15*, Mario Tiribelli, MD16*, Francesco Cavazzini, MD17*, Maria Cristina Miggiano18*, Niccolò Bolli, MD, PhD19*, Agostino Tafuri20, Alessandro Lucchesi, MD, PhD21*, Daniele Vallisa, MD22*, Monia Lunghi23*, Caterina Musolino24*, Samantha Bruno2*, Cristina Mosca2*, Mauro Ciriello25*, Giovanni Marsili26*, Alfonso Piciocchi, MS26*, Paola Fazi26*, Michele Cavo, MD27*, Jeroen J.W.M. Janssen28, Peter E. Westerweel29 and Fabrizio Pane25

1Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Castel Maggiore, Bologna, Italy
2Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
3IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, Bologna, Italy
4Hematology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
5Hematology, Department of Hematology and Oncology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
6Hematology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
7Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, Section of Innovation Biomedicine, Hematology Area, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
8Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy
9Department of Hematology, S. Eugenio Hospital, Tor Vergata University, ASL Roma 2, Roma, I, Italy
10Hematology Division, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
11Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Hematology “Seràgnoli”, University of Bologna, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
12Hematology Unit, Dell'Angelo Hospital, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
13Department of Hematology-Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Pugliese-Ciaccio, Catanzaro, Italy
14Hematology, Mauriziano Hospital, Torino, Turin, Italy
15Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
16Division of Hematology and BMT, Department of Medical Area, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
17Division of Hematology, Arcispedale Sant'Anna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, ITA
18Hematology Department, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza U.O.C. di Ematologia, Vicenza, ITA
19Hematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
20Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine and Hematology, Sant'Andrea - University Hospital - Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
21Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
22Hematology Unit, Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy
23Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
24Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
25Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Naples, Italy
26GIMEMA Foundation, Rome, Italy
27IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Hematology Institute “L. e A. Seràgnoli”, Bologna, Italy
28Department of Hematology, University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
29Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, Netherlands

Whether additional mutations in genes other than BCR::ABL1 harbor predictive or prognostic value and whether they should be incorporated in routine diagnostic workups for newly diagnosed CP CML pts is a controversial issue. Most of the currently available data pointing to a potential negative impact of ASXL1 and/or epigenetic genes on response to therapy come from NGS analyses of selected and/or non-homogeneously treated cohorts of pts, with only 2 studies having so far focused on pts enrolled in prospective clinical trials (TIDEL II and TIGER, respectively).

We undertook a translational study aimed to investigate the impact of molecular profiling at diagnosis on the likelihood to achieve deep MR and stable TFR in CP CML pts enrolled in the GIMEMA/HOVON CML1415 (‘SUSTRENIM’), an international prospective clinical trial that randomized pts to receive either NIL or IM with switch to NIL in case of no optimal response (NCT02602314). All the pts achieving MR4 by 36 months (mo) and maintaining it up to 48 mo of therapy qualified for the TFR phase. SUSTRENIM enrolled a total of 448 pts (IM, n=220; NIL, n=228); median follow-up is 56 mo (range, 42-60). One hundred and twenty-four pts who signed the informed consent for participation in this translational study had peripheral blood samples collected at diagnosis and subject to whole exome sequencing (WES). This subset of pts did not differ from the whole population in terms of age, gender, Sokal and ELTS scores, TFR eligibility; 73 of them were randomized to NIL and 67 to IM. Exome capture was performed with the egSEQ Exome Panel (Edinburgh Genetics), followed by 2×150bp paired-end sequencing on a NovaSeq X Plus (Illumina) (48Gb/sample; average sequencing depth, 300X). Raw sequence reads were aligned on the GRCh38 human reference genome and variants called using Dragen v3.9.5 pipeline. Variants labeled as somatic were retained for downstream annotation using VarSeq v2.5.0. For the purpose of the present report, we focused on somatic single nucleotide variants and frameshift indels in ASXL1 and in a comprehensive set of 123 genes compiled using publicly available databases of epigenetic factors and leukemia-associated genes. Strict filtering criteria were adopted, for uniformity with previous NGS studies in CML, to select for variants predicted to be nonsynonymous or to disrupt essential splice donor or acceptor sites and to be either loss of function or damaging according to ≥4 functional prediction tools. Pts with and without mutations were compared using Wilcoxon rank sum test, Fisher's exact test or Pearson's Chi-squared test; cumulative incidences of progression-free survival (PFS) were compared with the Fine and Gray test.

ASXL1 mutations were detected in 8/124 (7%) pts. These pts were slightly younger (median, 44 vs 58 years, p=0.059); no correlation was observed with gender, Sokal or ELTS, transcript. Depth of MR at 3, 12, 24, 36 and 48 mo was not significantly different between pts with and without mutations, either stratifying into MR levels at each timepoint or categorizing responses as < or ≥MR3, MR4, M4.5 at a given timepoint (of note: ≥MR3 at 3 mo, 0% vs 13%, p=0.6; ≥MR3 at 12 mo, 80% vs 74%, p>0.9; ≥MR4 at 24 mo, 60% vs 60%, p>0.9; ≥MR4 at 36 mo, 100% vs 75%, p=0.6; ≥MR4 at 48 mo, 100% vs 83%, p>0.9 for pts with and without ASXL1 mutations, respectively). A similar percentage of ASXL1-mutated and -unmutated pts became eligible for TFR as per protocol (43% vs 42%, p>0.9). PFS did not differ between pts with or without ASXL1 mutations (p=0.95). Mutations in epigenetic and leukemia-associated genes were detected in 17/124 (14%) pts. Mutated genes were IKZF1, IDH1, IDH2, DNMT3A, BCOR, BCORL1, NSD2, PHF2, KDM1B. As above, no significant differences were observed between pts with and without mutations in terms of MR depth at different timepoints, TFR eligibility, PFS.

In conclusion, presence of an ASXL1 mutation (or of other epigenetic or leukemia-associated gene mutations) did not impact on the depth of MR or on TFR eligibility either in pts treated with NIL or in pts treated with IM with proactive switch to NIL in case of no optimal response. Although algorithms for risk stratification and tailored treatment based on molecular profiling at diagnosis are eagerly awaited, our data warn against the premature incorporation of ASXL1 mutations among high risk features in treatment recommendations, and highlight the need for further studies in prospective series of uniformly treated pts.

Disclosures: Soverini: Blueprint Medicines: Honoraria; Incyte Biosciences: Consultancy; Istituto Gentili: Honoraria, Research Funding. Giai: Pfizer: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Roche: Other: All authors received support for third-party writing assistance, furnished by Akshaya Srinivasan, PhD, CMPP, of Nucleus Global, an Inizio company, and funded by F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.; Alexion: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Sobi: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Incyte: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Cerrano: Astellas: Other: Educational activity ; Servier: Honoraria, Other: Educational activity ; Pfizer: Other: travel support; Incyte: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Otsuka: Other: Educational activity ; Italfarmaco: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Abbvie: Honoraria, Other: Educational activity ; Amgen: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Other: Educational activity ; Jazz: Other: Educational activity . Bonifacio: Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Incyte: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Honoraria; BMS: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pfizer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Abruzzese: MorphoSys: Consultancy; Ascentage: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy; Incyte: Consultancy; BMS: Consultancy. Iurlo: AOP: Consultancy, Honoraria; BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria; Incyte: Consultancy, Honoraria; GSK: Consultancy, Honoraria. Lucchesi: Sanofi: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; AOP: Consultancy; Grifols: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Incyte: Speakers Bureau; MorphoSys: Consultancy; Protagonist: Consultancy; SOBI: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; BMS: Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Speakers Bureau. Piciocchi: Amgen: Honoraria; Gedeon Richter: Honoraria; Abbvie: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria; Pharming: Honoraria; Takeda: Honoraria. Janssen: Abbvie: Other: Advisory Board; BMS: Research Funding; Novartis: Other: Advisory Board, Research Funding. Pane: GSK Incyte Amgen BMS Janssen Jazz Novartis Pfizer: Speakers Bureau; GSK Incyte: Consultancy.

*signifies non-member of ASH