Session: 636. Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Basic and Translational: Poster II
Hematology Disease Topics & Pathways:
Chronic Myeloid Malignancies, CMML, Diseases, Myeloid Malignancies
Method: VAF was determined from bone marrow (BM) obtained at baseline and day 1 of treatment cycles 4, 7, and 13, using a 46-myeloid gene panel analyzed by next generation sequencing (Illumina NextSeq). MNCs were immunophenotyped using a CD45, 14, 16, 34, 115, 116 and 131 antibody panel. Cord-blood derived CD34+ cells were nucleofected (Lonza) with CBL-directed RNA guides (Synthego, USA) and assayed for colony formation. Student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney and Fisher’s exact test were used for statistical analyses.
Results: Samples from 24 subjects were included for analysis. CBL mutations were detected in 46% (11/24) of subjects with two or more CBL variants detected in 64% (7/11) of subjects, in contrast to NRAS (40% with 2 of more NRAS variants, 2/5) and KRAS (38% with 2 or more KRAS, 3/8). Subjects with CBL mutations had increased BM blast percentage (10.1 ± 1.5 vs. 5.3 ± 1.4%, P=0.045), white cell count (26.8 ± 5.9 vs. 13.8 ± 5.2×109/L, P=0.046) and splenomegaly (10/11, 91%, P=0.03) compared to subjects wildtype for RAS pathway, consistent with a more proliferative phenotype. 36% of cases with CBL mutations were classified as CMML-2.
Merging data from our cohort with CMML cases reported in COSMIC, we found a majority of mutations clustered within the RING domain of Cbl (94/137; 69%). This was in contrast to juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML), where linker domain mutations were most common (27/46; 59%) (P<0.0001), even though the incidence of CBL mutation is similar for the two diseases.
Immunophenotyping of MNCs, including those with CBL mutations, revealed a higher percentage (89.7 ± 1.6 vs. 50.3 ± 2.7%, P=10-6) and density (40.2 ± 7.4×103 vs. 13.9 ± 4.1×103, P=0.08) of CD116 (GM-CSF receptor subunit a)-expressing CD34+ progenitors compared to healthy controls, coupled with a higher percentage of CD131 (beta common receptor) (64.3 ± 3.8 vs. 32.1 ± 4.1%, P=0.001). In contrast, CD115 (macrophage-colony stimulating factor receptor) was expressed at a lower density (14.6 ± 1.6×103 vs. 29.5 ± 5.6×103, P=0.005) in progenitors compared to controls.
Interestingly, CRISPR targeting of CBL with sgRNAs to the Linker and RING domain in human CD34+ cells (n=2 independent donors) resulted in increased short-term proliferative capacity in the absence of GM-CSF (fold change 3.02 ± 0.37; P=0.007) compared to control. Additionally, CRISPR-edited CBL mutant CD34+ cells phenocopied GM-CSF hypersensitivity in vitro, displaying increased colony formation in low concentration GM-CSF (1 ng/mL) (73.2 ± 6.5 colonies vs. control 16.5 ± 5.2, P=0.01) that was suppressed by LENZ (39.0 ± 3.6 vs. control 79.7 ± 9.7, P=0.002).
Notably, one subject with a CBL linker domain mutation that was sensitive to LENZ in colony assays (6.0 ± 2.7 vs. control 31.7 ± 12.5, P=0.02), showed a corresponding decrease in CBL VAF occurring within 3 months of LENZ/AZA therapy. Serial VAF analysis of 10 CBL variants from 7 subjects treated with LENZ/AZA revealed decreases in 9 of 10 of variants, particularly in clones driven by linker domain mutations, with some durable beyond 6 months (ADE03 VAF 75%, 42%, 27%, 11%; MEL05 48%, 6%, 8%; BRI07 55%, 0.7%; time points evaluated at screening, 3, 6 and 12 months respectively).
Conclusion: CRISPR engineering of CBL mutations in CD34+ progenitors was sufficient to induce GM-CSF hypersensitivity. CBL mutation confers a strong proliferative phenotype in CMML with many patients harboring multiple CBL subclones, especially in the RING domain. A high proportion of CD116-expressing progenitors, rather than CD115, indicates they may be targetable by anti-GM-CSF neutralization. The sensitivity of CBL mutants to GM-CSF blockade has implications for the treatment of CMML and JMML.
Disclosures: Yong: BMS: Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Lane: Abbvie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; GSK: Consultancy; BMS: Other: Drugs, Research Funding. Fong: Servier: Speakers Bureau; Novotech: Consultancy; Jazz: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Otsuka: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pfizer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; BeiGene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Adaptive Biotech: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; AbbVie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; BMS: Speakers Bureau; Astella: Speakers Bureau. Hughes: Ariad: Consultancy, Research Funding; Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding. Yeung: BMS: Research Funding; Takeda: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria; Ascentage: Honoraria; Amgen: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding. Ross: Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Keros: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Merck: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Menarini: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Hiwase: Abbvie: Honoraria; Astella Pharma: Honoraria; Otsuka: Honoraria.
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