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970 A Polish Adult Leukemia Group (PALG) Prospective International Randomized Multicenter Clinical Trial to Compare the Efficacy of Two Standard Induction Therapies (DA-90 vs DAC) in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Patients ≤ 60 Years Old (PALG-AML1/2016) – Topline Results

Program: Oral and Poster Abstracts
Type: Oral
Session: 617. Acute Myeloid Leukemias: Commercially Available Therapies: Optimizing Regimens in Children/Young Adults and Around the World
Hematology Disease Topics & Pathways:
Research, Clinical trials, Acute Myeloid Malignancies, AML, Combination therapy, Adult, Clinical Research, Diseases, Treatment Considerations, Adverse Events, Myeloid Malignancies, Biological Processes, Study Population, Human, Measurable Residual Disease
Monday, December 9, 2024: 5:15 PM

Agnieszka Wierzbowska1,2, Agnieszka Pluta1,2*, Anna Czyz3*, Marta Libura4*, Sebastian Giebel, MD, PhD5*, Michał Soin1*, Damian Mikulski6,7*, Kacper Kościelny6*, Wojciech Fendler6*, Magdalena Czemerska1,2*, Agata Majchrzak2*, Anna Kopinska8*, Krzysztof Woźniczka8*, Martyna Włodarczyk1*, Karol Wójcik9*, Grzegorz Helbig8*, Małgorzata Raźny9*, Marta Sobas, MD10*, Tomasz Wróbel, MD, PhD10*, Donata Szymczak10*, Andrzej Szczepaniak, MD11*, Lidia Gil, MD, PhD12, Magdalena Dutka13*, Maria Bieniaszewska14*, Tomasz Gromek15*, Marek Hus, MD, PhD16*, Edyta Cichocka17*, Janusz Hałka18*, Elzbieta Patkowska19*, Marzena Wątek19*, Jolanta Wozniak19*, Ewa Lech-Maranda, MD, PhD19*, Agata Obara20*, Agnieszka Kopacz21*, Katarzyna Dulik5*, Grzegorz Charlinski17*, Jerzy Holowiecki5*, Andi Rustani22*, Ameenah Sukkur22*, Nuria Mencia-Trinchant22*, Pinkal Desai23, Michael Samuel22*, Justin D. Kaner, MD24, Michal Bar-Natan, MD22, Jonathan Canaani, MD25, Ellen K. Ritchie, MD22, Monica L Guzman, PhD22, Sylvie D Freeman26 and Gail J. Roboz, MD22

1Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
2Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Multidisciplinary Provincial Centre of Traumatology and Oncology Nicolas Copernicus in Lodz, Lodz, Poland
3Deaprtment of Hematology, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
4Department of Hematology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
5Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
6Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
7Department of Hematooncology, Multidisciplinary Provincial Centre of Traumatology and Oncology Nicolas Copernicus in Lodz, Lodz, Poland
8Department of Hematology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
9Department of Hematology, Municipial Specialist Hospital, Cracow, Poland
10Department of Hematology, Blood Neoplasms and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
11Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
12Department of Hematology, Medical University of Poznań, Poznan, Poland
13Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Medical University of Gdansk and University Clinical Center in Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
14Department of Hematology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdansk, Poland
15Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
16Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
17Department of Hematology, Nicolaus Copernicus Municipal Specialist Hospital, Torun, Poland
18Department of Hematology, Municipal Specialist Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland
19Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
20Department of Hematology, Holly Cross Oncology Center, Kielce, Poland
21Department of Hematology, Voivodeship Specialistic Hospital in Rzeszów, Rzeszow, Poland
22Weill Cornell Medicine and The New York Presbyterian Hospital in New York City, New York, NY
23Weill Cornell Medicine New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
24New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
25Weill Cornell Medicine and The New York Presbyterian Hospital in New York City, Brooklyn, NY
26Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Background: The combination of daunorubicin (DNR) for 3 days and cytarabine (Ara-C) for 7 days (DA) has been the backbone of induction chemotherapy (IC) in medically fit adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) for decades. Escalation of DNR to 90 mg/m2 (DA-90) has shown benefit for selected patients when compared to DNR 45 mg/m2. In two PALG randomized trials, the combination of cladribine and cytarabine using DNR 60 mg/m2 (DAC) resulted in improved complete remission (CR) rate and overall survival (OS), compared with standard DA-60 induction. However, whether induction with DAC is superior to DA-90 was unknown.

Aims: PALG-AML1/2016 (NCT03257241) aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of induction DA-90 vs. DAC followed by intensive consolidation chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was CR and key secondary endpoints were CR without measurable residual disease (CR-MRD-), event-free survival (EFS) and OS.

Patients and methods: In this phase 3 open-label randomized trial, patients (pts) with newly-diagnosed, untreated AML, ECOG performance status 0–2 and HCT-CI≤ 3 were randomized to DA-90 (n=220) or DAC (n=219) induction. Pts with persistent leukemia (>10% blasts) in non-aplastic bone marrow (BM) at day 14 received early second induction according to randomization arm (DA-45 and DAC, respectively). Patients who achieved a CR/CRi were offered either allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (alloSCT) or intermediate-dose cytarabine (IDAC) consolidation+/-autologous stem-cell transplantation (autoSCT) according to predefined risk group. Serial samples for multi-modality assessment of MRD were collected at multiple time points.

Results: Between 2017 and 2023, 439 pts, median age 47 (18-60) years were enrolled at multiple centers across Poland and at Weill Cornell Medicine and The New York Presbyterian Hospital in New York City and received the first IC. Median age was 46 years (18-60), 88% had de novo AML. Classification as favorable, intermediate-1, intermediate-2 and adverse risk (ELN 2010) was in 22.6%, 31.9%, 17.3% and 18.2% of pts, respectively. Karyotype was not available in 10% of pts. At baseline 364 pts had adequate samples for NGS evaluation and finally 377 pts were eligible for the reclassification of the genetic risk according to ELN2022. ELN 2022 classification as favorable, intermediate and adverse risk was in 28.6%, 19.4%, and 36.9% of pts, respectively. In 62 pts (14.1%) ELN 2022 risk was not available. There were no differences between DA-90 vs. DAC in age (46 [16-60] vs. 47 [19-60]; p=0.7), gender (males 43% vs. 44%; p=0.8), AML etiology (de novo [87% vs. 89%]; vs. secondary [13% vs. 11%] p=0.7) and both ELN 2010 as well as ELN 2022 genetic risk. There was a trend toward higher WBC count (11.5 G/L [2.98-293] vs. 7.02 G/L [2.28-498.6]; p=0.068) and higher baseline BM blast infiltration 60% [18-100] vs. 56% [18-100]; p=0.063) in the DAC arm.

After initial induction, marrow blast clearance (<10%) on day 14 was achieved in 341 pts (77.7%). Forty-five pts (10.3%) received early second induction per protocol. During induction, serious adverse events were experienced in 27.3% and 37.7% (p=0.02) of pts in the DA-90 and DAC arms, respectively. Early mortality 8 weeks after induction was comparable in both arms (5.9% vs. 7.3%; p=0.7). Eighty-one pts (36.2%) in DA-90 and 61 (30.4%) in DAC were referred for alloSCT (p=0.19).

The study was originally powered to include 582 pts to detect a 10% difference in CR/CRi, but was closed after recruitment of 75% subjects, on the recommendation of the Data Monitoring Committee, due COVID-19 pandemic-related slow accrual, increased availability of targeted therapies, and an unplanned analysis showing that the primary end-point could not be met.

The CR/CRi rates after 1 or 2 inductions were 78.1% and 76.1% in DA-90 and DAC, respectively (p=0.7). After a median follow-up time of 38.5 months, 3-year OS was 56% vs. 57% in DA-90 and DAC, respectively (HR 1.02; p=0.9). There was no significant difference in the probability of 3-year EFS, with 51% vs. 47% for DA-90 vs. DAC induction (HR 1.11; p=0.4).

Conclusions: In younger adults with AML, the addition of cladribine to standard DA-60 induction resulted in equivalent CR rates and survival compared to intensified induction with DA-90. Exploratory subgroup analyses and MRD assessments using flow cytometry and next-generation sequencing are forthcoming and will be presented at the meeting.

Disclosures: Wierzbowska: Novartis: Honoraria; Jazz: Honoraria, Research Funding; Servier: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria; Gilead/Kite: Honoraria; Astellas: Honoraria; BMS/Celgene: Honoraria; Abbvie: Honoraria. Pluta: Abbvie: Honoraria; Astellas: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria; Jazz: Honoraria, Research Funding; BMS/Celgene: Honoraria. Giebel: Celgene/BMS, Janssen, Pfizer: Speakers Bureau; Equity Ownership (Private company): Research Funding; Miltenyi: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Kiadis Pharma, The Netherlands: Research Funding; Gilead/Kite: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Immunicum/Mendes: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Wróbel: Janssen, Abbvie, BeiGene, AstraZeneca, Gilead, Janssen, Roche, Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau. Gil: Gilead, Abbvie, Roche, Novartis, Pfizer, Servier, Janssen, BMS, Takeda: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; BMS, Gilead, Abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria. Hus: GSK: Honoraria; AbbVie: Honoraria; Johnson & Johnson - Janssen: Honoraria; AMGEN: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; Bristol Myers Squibb - Celgene: Honoraria; Bristol Myers Squibb: Honoraria; MSD: Honoraria; Roche: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria; Sanofi: Honoraria; Eli Lily: Honoraria. Patkowska: Angellini Pharma: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; KCR US, Inc.: Consultancy; Swixx BioPharma: Honoraria. Desai: BMS: Consultancy, Other: Research Support; Servier: Consultancy; Kura Oncology: Consultancy, Other: Research Support; Rigel: Consultancy; Janssen: Other: Research Support. Bar-Natan: BMS: Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding; Amgen: Research Funding. Canaani: AbbVie: Consultancy; Astellas: Consultancy. Ritchie: Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy, Other: Travel Expenses; Pfizer: Consultancy, Other: Travel Expenses, Research Funding; Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Research Funding; Astellas: Consultancy; NS Pharma: Research Funding; Ariad: Speakers Bureau; Incyte: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Guzman: BridgeMedicines: Research Funding; SeqRX LLC: Current equity holder in private company. Freeman: BMS: Research Funding; Jazz Pharma: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; BMS: Research Funding; Novartis: Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Speakers Bureau; MPACT: Consultancy. Roboz: Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, GlaxoSmithKline, BMS, Syndax, Rigel: Consultancy; Janssen: Research Funding; OncoPrecision: Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company, Honoraria; AbbVie, Amgen, Astrazeneca, Caribou Biosciences, Celgene, Daiichi Sankyo, Ellipses pharma, Geron, GSK, Glycomimetics, Janssen, Jasper Pharmaceuticals, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Molecular Partners, Oncoverity: Consultancy.

OffLabel Disclosure: Cladribine is not labeled for AML.

*signifies non-member of ASH