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574 Utility of the Central Nervous System International Prognostic Index (CNS-IPI) in Patients with Primary Mediastinal B-Cell Lymphoma Treated with Rituximab-Containing Chemoimmunotherapy

Program: Oral and Poster Abstracts
Type: Oral
Session: 626. Aggressive Lymphomas: Clinical and Epidemiological: Challenging Subtypes of Aggressive Lymphomas
Hematology Disease Topics & Pathways:
Research, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Lymphomas, B Cell lymphoma, Clinical Research, Diseases, Adverse Events, Lymphoid Malignancies
Sunday, December 8, 2024: 12:45 PM

Jiayu Yang, MD1, Anna R. Hayden, MD1, Diego Villa, MD1,2, Aixiang Jiang, MS3*, Alina S. Gerrie, MD, MPH1,3, Christopher P. Venner, MD1,3, Pedro Farinha3,4, David W. Scott, MBChB, PhD1,3, Laurie H. H. Sehn, MD1,3 and Kerry J. Savage, MD, MSc1,3

1Division of Medical Oncology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
2Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer – Vancouver Cancer Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
3Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
4Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

Introduction: Central nervous system (CNS) relapse is a rare, but devastating event in primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL). Historically, CNS recurrence occurred in ~2% of patients. However, large scale studies in the rituximab era have not been performed and there is limited information on specific risk factors. The CNS-international prognostic index (CNS-IPI) is a validated CNS risk model for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) incorporating 6 risk factors, including the standard IPI factors, in addition to renal and/or adrenal involvement. The CNS-IPI risk can identify a high-risk group (4 risk factors) with a CNS relapse risk of 10%. However, as a separate entity, PMBCL was not included.

Methods: All patients (pts) age 18 years with a new clinico-pathological diagnosis of PMBCL, treated with curative intent rituximab (R)-containing chemoimmunotherapy, between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2022 were identified through the BC Cancer Centre for Lymphoid Cancer Database. The CNS-IPI, incorporating age (>60 years), stage (III/IV), ECOG performance status (PS) (2), number of extranodal sites (>1), elevated LDH, and renal/adrenal involvement, was determined to stratify pts into low risk (0-1 factors), intermediate risk (2-3 factors), and high risk (4 factors) groups. The cumulative incidence of CNS relapse was estimated using a competing risk analysis with the R package cmprsk, accounting for death from any cause as a competing event.

Results: In total, 244 pts were identified. The median age at diagnosis was 36 years (range 17-84) and 136 (55.7%) were female. The median size of the anterior mediastinal mass was 11 cm (range 5-20 cm). By the CNS-IPI risk factors, 21 (8.6%) pts were age >60 years, 95 (38.9%) had stage III/IV disease, 87/236 (36.9%) had PS 2 (missing n=8), 83 (34.0%) had >1 extranodal site, 180/239 (75.3%) had an elevated LDH (missing n=5), and 13 (5.3%) patients had renal and/or adrenal involvement. The CNS-IPI for 233 pts with all factors available was: 0-1, n=95 (38.9%); 2-3, n=100 (41%); 4+ factors n=38 (15.6%). In total, 33 (13.5%) pts received dose adjusted (DA) EPOCH-R, and the remaining pts received R-CHOP, 8 of which had R-CHOP x 3/R-ICE x3 as part of a clinical trial. 69 (28.3%) pts received radiotherapy post systemic therapy. Three pts with renal/adrenal involvement had high dose methotrexate prophylaxis, 1 of whom also received intrathecal chemotherapy. With a median duration of follow up for alive pts of 91 months (range 5-263), 6 (2.5%) had a CNS relapse, with a median time to CNS relapse from diagnosis of 9.9 months (range 5.1-56.9) and 5-year (5 y) estimated cumulative incidence of CNS relapse of 2.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1%, 5.7%). Five pts with CNS relapse had isolated parenchymal involvement, 1 of whom developed systemic relapse later during CNS treatment, and the remaining pt had leptomeningeal disease concurrent with systemic relapse.

The 5 y cumulative incidence of CNS relapse was 2.1% (95% CI 0.7%, 5.0%) and 6.8% (95% CI 1.1%, 19.8%) in the R-CHOP and DA-EPOCH-R treatment groups, respectively, p=0.075. By the CNS-IPI, 14.7% (31/211) of pts treated with R-CHOP, and 21.2% (7/33) of pts treated with DA-EPOCH-R were high-risk (p=0.337) and renal/kidney involvement occurred in 11/200 (5.5%) and 2/31 (6.4%), by treatment group respectively (p=0.84). The 5 y cumulative incidence of CNS relapse was 0%, 1.7% (95% CI 0.1%, 7.9%), and 13.2% (95% CI 4.7%, 26.0%) in the low, intermediate, and high-risk CNS-IPI groups, respectively (p<0.0001). Four of the cases with CNS relapse had renal/adrenal involvement at diagnosis, which translated into a 5 y cumulative incidence CNS recurrence risk of 30.8% (95% CI 8.7%, 57%) vs. 1.1% (95% CI 0.2%, 3.9%) (p<0.00001) for those with and without renal/adrenal involvement, respectively.

Conclusion: The risk of CNS relapse in PMBCL is overall low and comparable to estimates reported in the pre-rituximab era, which likely reflects the poor penetrance of rituximab across the blood-brain barrier. Like in DLBCL, the CNS-IPI appears to stratify pts and identifies a high-risk group in PMBCL with a CNS relapse rate of approximately 10%. However, this appears to largely driven by renal/adrenal involvement, which represents a very high-risk site. These data provide a benchmark to compare the impact of ongoing studies incorporating PD1 inhibitors and other novel therapies in frontline therapy.

Disclosures: Villa: Merck, Abbvie, Roche, AstraZeneca, BeiGene, Janssen, BMS/Celgene, Kite/Gilead, InCyte: Honoraria; Roche, AstraZeneca: Research Funding; Merck, Abbvie, Roche, AstraZeneca, BeiGene, Janssen, BMS/Celgene, Kite/Gilead, InCyte: Consultancy. Gerrie: AstraZeneca, Beigene, Janssen, Lily, Celgene: Honoraria; AstraZeneca, Beigene, Janssen, Lilly: Research Funding. Venner: Janssen, BMS, GSK, Sanofi, Pfizer, Abbvie, Forus: Honoraria. Scott: Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria; Genmab: Consultancy, Honoraria; Abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria; AstraZenenca: Consultancy, Honoraria; Veracyte: Consultancy, Honoraria; Roche/Genentech: Research Funding; Nanostring: Patents & Royalties: use of gene expresssion to subtype aggressive lymphoma. Sehn: Teva: Other: Research Grants; Roche, Seattle Genetics: Speakers Bureau; AbbVie, Acerta, Apobiologix, AstraZeneca, Celgene, Debiopharm, Genentech, Genmab, Gilead Sciences, Incyte Corporation, Janssen, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Kite Pharma, Lundbeck, Merck, MorphoSys, Novartis, Sandoz, Takeda, TG Therapeutics, Verastem Oncology: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd; Genentech, Inc.; Teva: Research Funding; AbbVie; Amgen; AstraZeneca; Beigene; BMS/Celgene; Genmab; Kite/Gilead; Incyte; Janssen; Merck; Seagen; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd; Genentech, Inc.: Honoraria; AbbVie; Amgen; AstraZeneca; Beigene; BMS/Celgene; Genmab; Kite/Gilead; Incyte; Janssen; Merck; Seagen; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd; Genentech, Inc.: Consultancy. Savage: Regeneron: Other: DSMC; AbbVie: Consultancy; Seagen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Research Funding.

*signifies non-member of ASH