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1503 Survival Analysis of Adults with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Ecuador

Program: Oral and Poster Abstracts
Session: 614. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemias: Therapies, Excluding Transplantation and Cellular Immunotherapies: Poster I
Hematology Disease Topics & Pathways:
Lymphoid Leukemias, ALL, adult, Diseases, Lymphoid Malignancies, Study Population, Human
Saturday, December 9, 2023, 5:30 PM-7:30 PM

Carlos Plaza, MD1*, Brenner Sabado, MD2*, Teodoro Chisesi, MD3*, Manuel A Granja, MD4*, Andrés Orquera, MD5*, Maria Augusta Pacheco, MD6*, Jairo Manuel Quiñonez, MD7*, Maria Del Carmen Trujillo, MD8*, Danilo A Navarrete, MD9*, Lorena Sanchez, MD10*, Johanna Ramírez, MD11* and Jorge Oliveros-Alvear, MD, MMSc2,12

1Hematology Department, SOLCA Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
2Hematology Department, Hospital Luis Vernaza, Guayaqul, Guayas, Ecuador
3HEMATOLOGY, FUNDACION ANGELA SERRA, GUAYAQUIL, GUAYAS, ECU
4Hematology Department, Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín, QUITO, PICHINCHA, ECU
5Hematology Department, Hospital de Especilidades Carlos Andrade Marín, QUITO, PICHINCHA, Ecuador
6Hematology Department, SOLCA Cuenca, Cuenca, Azuay, Ecuador
7Medicina Interna, Centro de Especialidades Médicas INRHED, samborondon, Guayas, Ecuador
8Hematology Department, Hospital Eugenio Espejo, Quito, Pichincha, ECU
9Hematology Department, SOLCA MANABI, PORTOVIEJO, MANABÍ, Ecuador
10HEMATOLOGY DEPARTMENT, HOSPITAL ABEL GILBERT PONTON, GUAYAQUIL, GUAYAQS, ECU
11Hospital de Especilidades Teodoro Mandonado Carbo, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
12Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Guayaquil, Guayaqul, Ecuador

Background

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the second most common acute leukemia in adults. Unfortunately, in Ecuador there are no survival studies in patients ≥15 years with ALL, thus, this is the first national report. The aim of the study was to describe clinical-demographic characteristics and overall survival (OS).

Methods

Medical records of 628 patients from 8 reference hospitals in Ecuador with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) aged ≥15 years, diagnosed between January/2015 and December/2022, were retrospectively reviewed. A high-risk group was defined as: age ≥ 35 years ; ≥ 30,000/mm3 leukocytes in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) or ≥ 100,000/mm3 leukocytes in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL- T) ; CNS infiltration at diagnosis, and/or if EMR was not reached (<0.01%) negative at the end of induction. If none of these factors were present, it was classified as standard risk. OS and treatment-related mortality were evaluated. Before carrying out this study, the approval of a national research ethics committee was obtained, as well as the approval of the 8 participating centers.

Results

628 patients with ALL were included in the study. Summary of clinical and demographic data Table 1. In this cohort of patients, 9 different regimens of intensive chemotherapy were used. 454/517 (87.8%) patients with B-ALL were considered high risk. 595/628 (94.5%) patients received intensive chemotherapy. 150/595 (25.2%) and 54/595 (9.0%) patients died during the induction and consolidation phase respectively, reaching a mortality related to the treatment of 34.2%. In 290/401 (72.3%) with B-ALL achieved a complete response (CR) after induction, also 199/401 (49.1%) patients achieved minimal residual disease (MRD) negative (<0.01%). 16/235 (6.8%) patients with B-ALL considered high risk who achieved CR received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). 32/35 (91.4%) patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) received intensive chemotherapy, of which 17/24 (70.8%) achieved CR, MRD negative (<0.01%), in 8/20 (40.0%) and 3/17 (17.6%) who achieved CR received HCT.

The median OS was 12 months (95% CI 9.8–14.1) with a 5-year OS of 25.6%. The median OS for intensive chemotherapy patients with B-ALL was 12 months (95% CI 9.8 – 14.1) with a 5-year OS of 25.8% and 8 months (95% CI 5.9 – 10.0) with a 5-year OS of 23.5% for T-ALL. The 5-year OS for patients with HSCT was 78.4% (median survival not reached). The median OS for patients with B-ALL who received intensive high-risk chemotherapy was 12 months (95% CI 9.7-14.2) while median survival was not reached in the standard-risk group (p=<0.01). Figure 1. In patients with ALL-B, regimens with or without L-asparaginase achieved a 5-year OS of 26.4% vs 22.9% (p=0.588), respectively. In multivariate analysis for patients with ALL-B on intensive chemotherapy, age [HR 1.02 (95% CI 1.00 – 1.04) p=0.014] was significantly associated with OS, as well as those patients who did not achieve negative an MRD [HR 1.82 (95% CI 1.23–2.69) p=<0.01]. Otherwise, the adolescent and young adults (AYA) group, BCR:ABL fusion, CNS infiltration and leukocyte number at debut, L-asparaginase chemotherapy regimens, and being classified as high-risk group did not show statistical differences associated with OS .

Conclusion

The reported OS rates in this cohort are considerably low when compared to with international available data, being mainly negatively affected by the high treatment-related mortality rate, and the small number of patients who reach a HSCT.

Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

*signifies non-member of ASH