Session: 636. Myelodysplastic Syndromes—Basic and Translational: Poster II
Hematology Disease Topics & Pathways:
Research, Translational Research, Chronic Myeloid Malignancies, CMML, Diseases, Therapies, Myeloid Malignancies
Aims: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of azacitidine (AZA), the most commonly used HMA, on CMML patient-derived MSCs and to determine its associated clinical significance. The specific aims were to understand the AZA-induced modifications on the DNA methylome/transcriptome and, thus, to evaluate the molecular/functional impacts of AZA treatment on hematopoiesis-supportive functions in MSCs. At last, we attempted to evaluate the association between in vivo/ex vivo sensitivity of MSCs to AZA and post-HMA efficiencies in CMML patients.
Methods: High-throughput multi-omic methods including DNA Methylation Profiling (Infinium HumanMethylation850K BeadChip, Illumina Inc), RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), and exome sequencing were utilized to assess the regulatory effects of the treatment of AZA (10 μM for 48 hours) on the DNA methylome and transcriptome of CMML patient-derived MSCs. Molecular and functional investigations including DNA damage assessment assay and long-term culture initiating cell (LTC-IC) assay, were performed to validate the sensitivity of CMML patient-derived MSCs (Figure 1A). At last, using univariate survival analysis, we assessed the association between the sensitivity of patient-derived MSCs to AZA and the efficacy of HMA-treated patients.
Results: AZA treatment induced global DNA demethylation in both CMML-MSCs and healthy MSCs, with CMML-MSCs showing a more complex and bidirectional response pattern to AZA than healthy MSCs. The combined multi-omic analysis identified 1395 "AZA-sensitive genes" as potential regulatory targets in CMML-MSCs (66.4% up-regulated and 37.5% down-regulated). These genes were associated with hematopoiesis support, cell adhesion, and immune activation. Functional assays confirmed that AZA restored the expression of hematopoiesis-supportive cytokines and improved the hematopoiesis-supportive abilities of CMML-MSCs. At last, the higher sensitivity of MSCs correlated with a significant superior progression-free survival (PFS; 21.8 months vs. 16.2 months, P=0.03) and higher overall response rate (77.8% vs. 22.2%) in CMML patients treated with at least 2 cycles of HMAs (Figure 1B).
Conclusion: The study provides evidence that patient-derived MSCs are sensitive to AZA treatment at the DNA methylation level, suggesting a modulable bone marrow mesenchymal niche during HMA treatment. AZA treatment rejuvenated functionally defected CMML-MSCs and restored their ability to support normal hematopoiesis in vitro. The sensitivity of CMML-MSCs to HMA correlated with clinical outcomes, with patients having AZA-sensitive MSCs showing superior PFS and higher clinical response rates after HMA treatment. These findings support the theory that AZA may switch the dysfunctional MSCs from a "leukemic-supportive" phenotype to a "hematopoiesis-supportive" phenotype. However, further investigations are required to understand whether this recovery of the hematopoietic niche directly leads to the inhibition of malignant blast cells. Patient-derived xenograft models are recommended to further verify the potential therapeutic effects of HMA-associated modulations on the hematopoietic niche.
Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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