Session: 617. Acute Myeloid Leukemias: Biomarkers, Molecular Markers and Minimal Residual Disease in Diagnosis and Prognosis: Poster II
Hematology Disease Topics & Pathways:
Research, Acute Myeloid Malignancies, AML, Translational Research, Diseases, Myeloid Malignancies
A total of 406 newly diagnosed AYA AML pts (age 17-39y, median: 30y), similarly treated in 8 Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology frontline protocols were included in the study. All pts had centrally reviewed cytogenetics, targeted gene mutation profiling and SNP data (Illumina 2.5 omni array, see Walker et al, Leukemia 2019;33:771-5). ACS10 score was calculated for each pt using the equation defined by Elsayed et al (>0, ACS10high; ≤0, ACS10low) and Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test was used for survival analysis and Fisher’s exact test was used for frequency comparison.
Two hundred eighty-three pts were ACS10high and 123 pts were ACS10low. Though not statistically significant, ACS10low pts tended to have a shorter overall survival (OS) compared with ACS10high pts (p=.11). Restricting the analysis to those who received chemotherapy only (excluding allogeneic transplant recipients), showed that ACS10low group had significantly shorter OS compared with ACS10high group (p=.03). Further, event-free survival (EFS) was shorter (3y rates, 32% vs. 42%, p=0.09) and number of early deaths (death within 30 days of treatment initiation) was higher (5% vs 1%, p=.07) in ACS10low pts. Given that the majority of patients received etoposide as part of the induction regimen, analysis within this subset showed ACS10high pts having higher complete remission (CR) rates (85% vs 72%, p=.05) and longer EFS and OS compared with ACS10low pts (EFS, 3y rates, 41% vs 28%, p=.02; OS, 3y rates, 54% vs 32%, p=.007).
We have previously shown significant difference in abundance of ACS10low by race/ethnicity in pediatric AML, 70% of Black pts being ACS10low as compared with only 30% of White pts. Similarly, the current cohort showed significant differences in ACS10 score groups by race/ethnicity: of 32 Black pts included in the analysis, 27 (84%) were ACS10low and only 5 (16%) were ACS10high. Given the enrichment of the racial-ethnic survival disparity in AYA pts (Larkin et al, Blood Adv 2022;6:5570-81), we further investigated the impact of ACS10 on survival of Black AYA pts. Though limited by numbers, we observed worse OS (p=0.05) of ACS10low group, which comprised 80% of Black pts.
We show the impact of cytarabine pharmacogenomics and its relevance in AYA AML pts. Consistent with the results in pediatric AML, pts with low ACS10 score, which is reflective of lower cytarabine activation and intracellular ara-CTP accumulation, had worse outcome than pts with high ACS10 score. Further, low ACS10 score was highly abundant in Black compared to White AYA AML pts. Given the low CR rates, high relapse rates and inferior survival of Black pts, our results imply cytarabine pharmacogenomics as a possible crucial contributor. In conclusion, given that cytarabine is the backbone of AML chemotherapy and is used as a frontline agent in essentially all induction regimens, our results highlight the need for in-depth evaluation of ACS10 score in AML that may open opportunities to improve treatment response in AYA AML.
Disclosures: Walker: Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc.: Consultancy, Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Uy: Jazz: Other: Advisory Board. Stock: Newave: Honoraria; Servier: Other: Data Safety Monitoring Board/Advisory Board; Kura: Research Funding; Kite: Consultancy; Amgen: Honoraria; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Honoraria; Glaxo Smith Kline: Consultancy. Byrd: Newave: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Kurome: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Vincerx: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; OSU Drug Devel. Inst.: Consultancy; Orbimed: Consultancy, Research Funding; Eilean Therapeutics: Consultancy, Current equity holder in private company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Orange Grove Bio: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; American Cancer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; AstraZeneca: Other: TRAVEL, ACCOMMODATIONS, EXPENSES. Eisfeld: Karyopharm Therapeutics: Other: spouse employment; Astra Zeneca: Honoraria, Other: CEI Advisory Board; OncLive: Honoraria.