-Author name in bold denotes the presenting author
-Asterisk * with author name denotes a Non-ASH member
Clinically Relevant Abstract denotes an abstract that is clinically relevant.

PhD Trainee denotes that this is a recommended PHD Trainee Session.

Ticketed Session denotes that this is a ticketed session.

4331 Genomic Landscape of Pediatric Non-Down's Syndrome Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia in China

Program: Oral and Poster Abstracts
Session: 617. Acute Myeloid Leukemias: Biomarkers, Molecular Markers and Minimal Residual Disease in Diagnosis and Prognosis: Poster III
Hematology Disease Topics & Pathways:
Acute Myeloid Malignancies, AML, bioinformatics, pediatric, Diseases, Myeloid Malignancies, Technology and Procedures, Study Population, Human
Monday, December 11, 2023, 6:00 PM-8:00 PM

Kefei Wu, MD1*, Hui Liu, MD1*, Yangyang Xie, MD, PhD1*, Yuhan Liu, MD2*, Bowen Cui, Master3*, Jiaoyang Cai, PhD4, Ronghua Wang, Master3*, Yong Wang5*, Xiang Wang, PhD1*, Xiaoxiao Chen, MD1*, Shuang Zhao3*, Ting Liu, MD1*, Han Wang, PhD3*, Wenyan Wu, MD3*, Huiying Sun, Master3*, Jian'an Rao, Master3*, Lan Wang, PhD5*, Jing Chen, DO1*, Jing Chen, MD, PhD1*, Benshang Li, MD, PhD1*, Yu Liu, PhD1*, Wenting Hu, MD1* and Shuhong Shen, MD, PhD1

1Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology of the Ministry of Health of China, Department of Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
2Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
3Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
4Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology of the Ministry of Health of China, Department of Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
5CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China

Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) accounts for 4% to 15% of newly diagnosed pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and different from Down's syndrome AMKL (DS-AMKL) and non-AMKL, clinical outcomes of non-DS-AMKL are characterized by an inferior prognosis. Although comprehensive genomic studies have revealed key genomic aberrations of non-DS-AMKL in Western cohort, there is still no reports about Chinese patients. Here we report a comprehensive transcriptomic study on 100 Chinese pediatric non-DS-AMKL cases through 2009 to 2022 in Shanghai Children’s Medical Center.

A total of 133 rearrangements were detected involving 78 patients, including previously reported recurrent fusion events which defining subgroups of AMKL, namely CBFA2T3-GLIS2 (n=20, 20%), NUP98-KDM5A (n=16,16%), rearrangements of HOX cluster genes (HOXr, n=11, 11%), RBM15-MKL1 (n=5, 5%) and MLLr (n=3, 3%). Two new recurrent gene translocations, XPO1-TRNC18 and STAG2 rearrangements (STAG2r) were detected in 5 (5%) and 11 (11%) cases, respectively. Further unsupervised clustering analysis was done with the most variant coding genes defined by standard deviation, the results showed that cases carrying STAG2r and XPO1-TNRC18 fusion exhibited distinguishable gene expression pattern from other subgroups and were clustered together respectively. It suggested these two rearrangements as potential driver genomic alterations in AMKL. By introducing XPO1-TNRC18 fusion and three STAG2 aberrations (STAG2 knock-out, STAG2-GNA12 and STAG2-OCRL) into 32D cell line, we proved these gene alterations promoted cell proliferation and colonies formation, suggesting potential function in tumor transformation. Based on these evidences, we defined XPO1-TNRC18 and STAG2r as two new subgroups of AMKL.

We identified 222 nonsynonymous sequency mutations affecting 137 genes totally, including 202 single-nucleotide variants and 20 insertion/deletion, with a median of two mutations for per case (range 0-6). Among driver abnormalities, 7 aberrations occurred in more than 3% of cases in current cohort, including JAK2 (n=15, 15%), MPL (n=13, 13%), PTPN11 (n=7, 7%), NRAS (n=5, 5%), GATA1 (n=4, 4%), CTCF (n=4, 4%) and JAK3 (n=3, 3%). All the mutations could be clustered into 8 pathways, and the most frequently mutated pathways were JAK signaling (30%), transcription regulation (29%) and RAS signaling (14%). Mutation frequency varied across different subgroups. For example, JAK/STAT lesions were enriched in STAG2r subgroup (p<0.05).

Distinct genomic aberration profile was revealed while comparing results of this non-DS-AMKL cohort to the mutation profile of non-AMKL cohort which we have published before. CBFA2T3-GLIS2, NUP98-KDM5A, STAG2r, XPO1-TNRC18 and RBM15-MKL1 subgroups were merely detected in AMKL, while driver aberrations like FLT3-ITD, CBFB-MYH1 and so on were not detected in AMKL. For driver mutations, JAK2 (15% vs 3.7%, p<0.0001), MPL (13% vs 0%, p<0.0001 ) and CTCF (4% vs 0%, p=0.007) were detected more frequently in non-DS-AML, while NRAS (5% vs 18.8%, p<0.001), KRAS (2% vs 10.6%, p=0.008), KIT (1% vs 21.6%, p<0.001), CSF3R (1% vs 6.1%, p=0.047), FLT3 (0% vs 22.5%, p<0.001), CEBPA (0% vs 9.8%, p<0.001), AXSL2 (0% vs 8.6%, p<0.001), GATA2 (0% vs 6.1%, p=0.007) and DHX15 (0% vs 4.5%, p=0.038) occurred less frequently in non-DS-AMKL cohort.

Survival analysis revealed association between key aberrations and clinical outcomes. Carrying CBFA2T3-GLIS2 (p=0.018), NUP98-KDM5A (p<0.001) and FUS-ERG (p=0.018) was associated with unfavorable prognosis. Driver mutations in JAK2 (p=0.03) and RAS pathway (p=0.01) were associated with shorter overall survival. Among the two new subgroups, the new XPO1-TNRC18 subgroup demonstrated similar clinical outcomes to MLLr cases, with 5-year EFS and OS of 50%, and STAG2r was characterized by a favorable clinical outcome, with 5-year EFS and OS over 75%.

As the first comprehensive genomic landscape of Chinese pediatric non-DS-AMKL, our results defined two new subgroups with distinct expression patterns and prognosis characteristics. We further revealed a distinct mutation profile between AMKL and non-AMKL and shed light on association between driver aberrations and clinical outcomes. These findings revealed non-DS-AMKL as a heterogenous disease, and suggested the importance of exploration of risk-stratification and targeted therapy in different mutations driven cases.

Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

See more of: 617. Acute Myeloid Leukemias: Biomarkers, Molecular Markers and Minimal Residual Disease in Diagnosis and Prognosis: Poster III
See more of: Oral and Poster Abstracts
<< Previous Abstract | Next Abstract >>
*signifies non-member of ASH