Przemyslaw Kosinski, BSc^1,2*, Paula L Croal, PhD^3*, Suzan Williams, MD⁴, Jackie Leung, MASc^5* and Andrea Kassner, PhD^3,6*

¹Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
²Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Physiology & Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
³Peter Gilgan Centre for Learning and Research, Physiology & Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
⁴Division of Hematology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
⁵The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital of Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
⁶Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

Veronica Carullo, MD^1*, Meagan Murphy, PNP^2*, Jaeun Choi, PhD^3*, Qi Gao, PhD^4*, Catherine Driscoll, MD⁵ and Deepa Manwani, MD⁶

¹Department of Anesthesiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY
²Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY
³Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
⁴Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
⁵Pediatrics, Children's Hospital At Montefiore, Bronx, NY
⁶Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY

Nathan S Fishman, BA^1*, Joseph Kim, BS^2*, Daniel Lichy, BS^2*, Kathleen Vaughan, BA^1*, Stephen Yoon, BS^2*, Niral Sheth, BS^2*, James Ahad, BS^2*, Deepika Darbari, MD^1,3, Katherine Chadwick, RN, MSN, OCN^1*, Hans Ackerman, MD^4*, Alexander M. Gorbach, PhD^2* and James G. Taylor, M.D.¹

¹Genomic Medicine Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
²Infrared Imaging and Thermometry, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institues of Health, Bethesda, MD
³Pediatric Hematology and Oncology/ NHLBI Pulmonary and Vascular Medicine, Children's National Medical Center / National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Washington, DC
⁴Physiology Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD

Jin Han, PharmD, PhD^1*, Santosh L. Saraf, MD², Xu Zhang, PhD^3*, Michel Gowhari, DO³, Robert E. Molokie, MD³, Johara Hassan, MD^3*, Chaher Alhandalous, MD^3*, Jewel Younge, MA^1*, Taimur Abbasi, MD^4*, Roberto F. Machado, MD^4* and Victor R. Gordeuk, MD³

¹Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
²Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
³Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
⁴Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL

Melanie E. Garrett^*, Karen L. Soldano^*, Blair R. Anderson^*, Marilyn J. Telen, MD and Allison E. Ashley-Koch, PhD^*

Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC

Julie Kanter, MD¹, Janet Kwiatkowski, MD^2*, Heather J. Fullerton, MD^3*, Jenifer Voeks^4*, Ellen Debenham, RN^4*, Lynette J Brown^4* and Robert J. Adams, MD, MS^4*

¹Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
²Childrens Hospital of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
³University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
⁴Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC

Prasannalaxmi Palabindela, MBBS^1*, Chanel Veasley^1*, Thomas H. Howard, MD¹, Daniel Feig, MD PhD MS^2*, David Askenazi, MD MSPH^2* and Jeffrey D. Lebensburger, DO¹

¹Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
²Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL

Khalid S Al-Habsi, MD, FRCPath^1*, Andrew W. Shih, MD, BSc¹, Rebecca Barty, MLT, CTRC^1*, Grace Wang^1*, Allahna Elahie, MLT^1*, Mona Azzam, MD^1*, Reda Siddiqui^1*, Michael Parvizian^1*, Nancy M Heddle, MSc¹, Uma H. Athale, M.D., M.Sc.^2,3,4, Mindy Rona Goldman, MD, FRCP(C)^5* and Madeleine M Verhovsek, BSc, MD, FRCPC^6,7,8

¹McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
²Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
³Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
⁴Division of Hematology/Oncology, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
⁵Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, ON, Canada
⁶Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton, ON, Canada
⁷Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
⁸Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada

Shawn M Bediako, PhD^1*, Julie Nelson, BS^2*, Cody Cichowitz, BS^3*, Tiffany Yu, BS^4*, C. Patrick Carroll, MD^3*, Kerry J. Stewart, Ed.D.^3*, Rakhi P. Naik, MD, MHS³, Carlton Haywood Jr., PhD, MA³ and Sophie Lanzkron, MD, MHS³

¹University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD
²Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
³Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
⁴University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD

Emma Drasar, MBBS, PhD, MRCP, FRCPath^1*, Emer Fitzpatrick^2*, Kate Gardner, MA MBBS MRCP³, Moji Awogbade¹, Anil Dhawan^2*, Adrian Bomford^4*, Abid Suddle^4* and Swee Lay Thein, MD, DSc⁵

¹Department of Haematology, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
²Department of Paediatric Hepatology, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
³Molecular Haematology, Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
⁴Department of Hepatology, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
⁵National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Sickle Cell Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD

Vimal K. Derebail, MD, MPH^1*, Kenneth I. Ataga, MD², Abhijit V Kshirsagar, MD, MPH^1*, Micah J. Mooberry, MD³, Patrick H Nachman, MD^1* and Nigel S. Key, MB, ChB²

¹UNC Kidney Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
²Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
³Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC

Torie C Plowden, MD/MPH^1*, Nicole M Millan, BS^1*, Carter M Owen, MD^1*, Mae W Healy, DO^1*, Nicole K Banks, MD^1*, Matthew Hsieh, MD², Courtney D. Fitzhugh, MD³, Jeannine Witmyer, PhD^4*, Doug Peak, BS, TS (ABB)^4*, David Frankfurter, MD^4*, Alan H DeCherney, MD^1*, John F Tisdale, MD² and Erin F Wolff, MD^1,2*

¹NICHD, NIH, PRAE, Bethesda, MD
²NHLBI, NIH, MCHB, Bethesda, MD
³NHLBI, NIH, SCB, Bethesda, MD
⁴GWU, Washington, DC

Amma A. Benneh, MD¹, Amma T. Owusu-Ansah, MD², Fredericka Sey, MB ChB^3*, Mary A. Ampomah, BSc Psychology, MPhil Clinical Psychology^4*, Edeghonghon Olayemi, MBBS, MSc, FWACP^5* and Solomon Fiifi Ofori-Acquah, PhD⁶

¹Haematology, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital,Accra,Ghana, Accra, Ghana
²Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Center for Translational and International Hematology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
³Ghana Institute of Clinical Genetics, Ministry of Health, Ghana. Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
⁴Ghana Institute of Clinical Genetics, Ministry of Health, Ghana., Accra, Ghana
⁵Department of Haematology, Ghana Institute of Clinical Genetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Korle -Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
⁶Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Center for Translational and International Hematology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA

Foluso Joy Ogunsile, MD^1*, Michael R. DeBaun, MD, MPH^2,3,4, Kelli Currie^5* and Mark J. Rodeghier, PhD^6*

¹Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Hospital, Nashville, TN
²Vanderbilt-Meharry Sickle Cell Center for Excellence, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
³Vanderbilt-Meharry-Matthew Walker Center of Excellence in Sickle Cell Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
⁴Vanderbilt University Children's Hospital, Nashville, TN
⁵Meharry Medical College, Nashville
⁶Rodeghier Consultants, Chicago, IL

Shailja Shah^1*, Adaeze Nwosu-Iheme^2* and Alice J. Cohen, MD³

¹Hematology/Oncology, Newark Beth Israel Medical Center, Newark, NJ
²Internal Medicine, Newark Beth Israel Medical Center, Newark, NJ
³Hematology/Oncology, Newark Beth Israel Med. Ctr., Newark, NJ

Patrick B Walter, PhD^1,2*, Leah Hohman, BS^2*, Andrew Rokeby, BS^2*, Julian Lum, PhD^3*, Robert Hagar, MD⁴, Melinee Stewart, BS^1*, Lisa Lavrisha, BS^5*, Elliott Vichinsky, MD¹ and Claudia R. Morris, MD⁶

¹Hematology/Oncology, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA
²Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
³Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, Victoria, BC, Canada
⁴Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital and Research Center Oakland, Oakland, CA
⁵PCRC, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA
⁶Childrens Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA

Hamid Wardak^1*, Ari Rosenberg^1*, Vladimir Selounski^1*, Michel Gowhari, DO², Robert E. Molokie, MD², Johara Hassan, MD^2*, Jin Han, PharmD, PhD^3*, Victor R. Gordeuk, MD² and Santosh L. Saraf, MD⁴

¹University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago
²Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
³Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
⁴Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL

Susan P. Perrine, M.D.¹, Oluwakemi Owoyemi, M.D, MPH^2*, Elizabeth S Klings, MD³, Mehdi Nouraie, MD, PhD⁴, Angela Rock^2*, Patricia A. Oneal^2*, Thomas Mellman, MD^5*, Tessema Berihun^6*, Peter L. Whitesell, MD^7*, Joseph Lavela^6* and Robert E. Taylor, MD, PhD⁷

¹Department of Pediatrics, Howard University, Washington, DC
²Center for Sickle Cell Disease, Howard University, Washington, DC
³The Pulmonary Center, R-304, Boston University Sch. of Med., Boston, MA
⁴Center For Sickle Cell Disease, Howard University, Washington, DC
⁵College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC
⁶Howard University, Washington, DC
⁷Department of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC

Patricia Kavanagh, MD^1,2, Philippa G. Sprinz, MD, MSc^1,2, Evelyn Libernays, BA^2*, Nicole Pavlus, BA^2* and C. Jason Wang, MD, PhD^3*

¹Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
²Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
³Stanford University, Stanford, CA

Anne Nkirote Mwirigi, MBChB^1*, Chengetai Muzah^2*, Liz Odeh^2*, Abid Suddle^3*, Swee Lay Thein, MD, DSc^4,5 and Moji Awogbade¹

¹Department of Haematology, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
²King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
³Department of Hepatology, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
⁴Molecular Haematology, Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
⁵National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Sickle Cell Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD

Leslie M Okorji, BS^*, Devin S Muntz, BS^* and Robert I Liem, MD, MS

Division of Hematology, Oncology & Stem Cell Transplant, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL

Xionghao Lin, PhD^1*, Elena Afia Adjei, BS^2*, Namita Kumari, PhD^1*, Sharmin Diaz^1*, Marina Jerebtsova, Ph.D.^3*, Patricia A. Oneal^1,4* and Sergei Nekhai^1,4

¹Center for Sickle Cell Disease, Howard University, Washington, DC
²Department of Human Genetics, Howard University, Washington, DC
³Department of Microbiology, Howard University, Washington, DC
⁴Department of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC

Alex George, M.D., Ph.D.¹, Bogdan R. Dinu, MD^2* and Russell E. Ware, MD, PhD³

¹Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
²Hematology Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
³Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH

Fuad El Rassi, MD^1,2, Eldrida Randall, MS^2,3*, Sidney F. Stein, MD⁴, H. Jean Khoury, MD⁵, James R. Eckman, MD^2,3* and Morgan L. McLemore, MD^2,5

¹Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
²The Georgia Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center at Grady Health System, Atlanta, GA
³Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
⁴Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
⁵Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA