-Author name in bold denotes the presenting author
-Asterisk * with author name denotes a Non-ASH member
Clinically Relevant Abstract denotes an abstract that is clinically relevant.

PhD Trainee denotes that this is a recommended PHD Trainee Session.

Ticketed Session denotes that this is a ticketed session.

3551 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Outcomes after Allogeneic Blood or Marrow Transplantation (alloBMT) with High-Dose Post-Transplantation Cyclophosphamide (PTCy) in the Era of More Effective Pre-Transplant Therapy

Program: Oral and Poster Abstracts
Session: 723. Allogeneic Transplantation: Long-term Follow-up, Complications, and Disease Recurrence: Poster II
Hematology Disease Topics & Pathways:
ALL, Lymphoid Leukemias, Adult, Research, Clinical Research, Health outcomes research, Diseases, Therapy sequence, Real-world evidence, Treatment Considerations, Lymphoid Malignancies, Study Population, Human, Measurable Residual Disease
Sunday, December 8, 2024, 6:00 PM-8:00 PM

Jonathan Allen Webster, MD1, Madison C Reed, MD2*, Hua-Ling Tsai, Sc.M3*, Philip Imus, MD4, B. Douglas Smith, MD1, Alexander J. Ambinder, MD, MPH1, Mark J. Levis1, Amy E. DeZern, MD, MHS5, Gabrielle T. Prince, MD1*, Javier Bolanos-Meade, MD6*, Lukasz P. Gondek, MD, PhD1, Gabriel Ghiaur, MD, PhD7, William Brian Dalton, MD, PhD1, Theodoros Karantanos, MD, PhD1, Suman Paul, MBBS, PhD8, Ephraim Joseph Fuchs, MD, MBA4, Cole Sterling, MD9, Lode J. Swinnen, MBCHB10, Nina D. Wagner-Johnston, MD11, Richard F. Ambinder, MD12, Christian B. Gocke, MD, PhD13, Syed Abbas Ali1, Carol Ann Huff13*, Leo Luznik, MD14, Ravi Varadhan15*, Richard J. Jones, MD4 and Ivana Gojo, MD1

1Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
2Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
3Division of Biostatistics, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
4Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
5Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
6Johns Hopkins University Kimmel Cancer Center, Ellicott City, MD
7Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, John's Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
8Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
9Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
10Johns Hopkins Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
11Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
12Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
13Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
14Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Ctr., Baltimore, MD
15Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD

Background: The therapeutic landscape in ALL changed dramatically with the approval of blinatumomab (BLIN) for relapsed/refractory B ALL in December 2014. BLIN has subsequently moved earlier in therapy, while ponatinib; inotuzumab ozogamicin (INO); and brexucabtagene autoleucel have been approved. AlloBMT remains an important option for ALL consolidation in high-risk CR1 and ≥CR2. PTCy facilitates HLA-mismatched transplants and reduces GVHD without compromising survival in HLA-matched transplants compared to standard GVHD prophylaxis. We analyzed outcomes of alloBMT with PTCy for ALL to ascertain the impact of changes in therapy.

Methods: The alloBMT database at Johns Hopkins was queried for adult patients (age ≥18) undergoing a first transplant with PTCy from January 2008-June 2022. ERA1 was from 2008-2014 before BLIN approval, and ERA2 was from 2015-2022. Patient characteristics were compared using Fisher's exact test for categorical variables and the Student t test for continuous variables. Estimators of overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) were reported using the Kaplan-Meier method. Differences in time-to-event outcomes were estimated using Cox proportional hazards model, or Fine and Gray's model for cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR)/non-relapse mortality (NRM) considering competing risks.

Results: There were 102 and 149 patients in ERA1 and ERA2, respectively. ERA1 patients were younger (median age 45 vs. 50, p=0.03) and more often had an HCT-CI of 0 (37% vs. 21%, p=0.006). Overall, 85% of patients had B ALL and 15% had T ALL. The majority of patients (74%) were transplanted in CR1, 26% in CR after salvage for primary refractory disease (6%) or relapse (20%), and one patient (0.4%) had refractory disease. B ALL patients were more frequently Ph+ in ERA1 (62% vs. 46%, p=0.03). The incidence of persistent MRD by flow cytometry (sensitivity 1/10,000) was higher in ERA1 (20% vs. 9%, p=0.01). The majority of ERA1 patients received myeloablative conditioning (56%) compared to 3% of ERA2 patients (p<0.0001). ERA1 patients were more likely to receive HLA-matched sibling (28% vs. 15%, p=0.02) or unrelated (25% vs. 9%, p=0.001) grafts, and less likely to receive haploidentical (48% vs. 68%, p=0.003) or HLA-mismatched unrelated (0% vs. 9%) grafts. Among Ph+ B ALL in CR1 in ERA1, 56% had received imatinib (IM) at diagnosis, whereas just 7% of such ERA2 patients received IM (p=0.0001). None of the ERA1 patients with B ALL received BLIN or INO prior to transplant. In contrast, 33% of ERA2 patients with B ALL in CR1 had received BLIN, while 86% and 31% of ERA2 patients undergoing transplant following salvage had received BLIN and/or INO, respectively.

The 5-year OS was 56% and 72% (HR 1.85, p=0.005), while RFS was 44% and 65% (HR 1.93, p=0.001) in ERA1 and ERA2, respectively. Five-year NRM was 13% in both ERA1 and ERA2 (HR 1.13, p=0.73), while CIR was 44% in ERA1 and 23% in ERA2 (HR 2.24, p=0.0005). In T ALL, OS and RFS were similar between eras. In B ALL, OS (HR 2.03, p=0.004) and RFS (HR=2.17, p=0.0004) were improved in ERA2 due to decreased CIR (HR 2.65, p=0.0003). These effects persisted when B ALL patients with MRD were removed from the analysis. B ALL patients transplanted after salvage had improved OS (HR 2.69, p=0.02), RFS (HR 1.97, p=0.09), and CIR (HR 2.22, p=0.09) in ERA2. Similarly, B ALL patients transplanted in CR1 had improved OS (HR 2.04, p=0.02), RFS (HR 2.56, p=0.0004), and CIR (HR 3.56, p=0.0003) in ERA2. Among Ph+ B ALL patients in CR1, OS (HR 3.36, p=0.01); RFS (HR 3.71, p=0.001); and CIR (HR 6.42, p=0.003) were improved in ERA2. Regardless of era, Ph+ ALL patients transplanted in CR1 after IM at diagnosis had a 5-year CIR of 39% compared to 12% after a 2nd or 3rd generation TKI (HR 3.70, p=0.005), leading to a 5-year RFS of 42% after IM compared to 78% in the latter group (HR 3.03, p=0.002). For B ALL patients in CR1, 5-year CIR was 10% after receipt of pre-transplant BLIN compared to 27% without BLIN (HR 2.65, p=0.11), leading to a 5-year RFS of 84% with BLIN compared to 60% without it (HR 2.53, p=0.05).

Conclusions: AlloBMT outcomes with PTCy for ALL in ERA2 were improved due to reduced relapse in spite of older age, increased co-morbidities, and less intensive conditioning. Improved outcomes were restricted to B ALL and may be driven by changes in pre-transplant therapy. With dramatic improvements in non-transplant outcomes, the selection of ALL patients for alloBMT is an important research question.

Disclosures: Webster: Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria; Amgen: Consultancy, Other: Food and beverage; AbbVie: Other: Food and beverage; CVS Caremark: Consultancy; Servier: Honoraria. Imus: Janssen: Research Funding. Ambinder: Astellas: Honoraria. Levis: Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy; Astellas: Consultancy; Abbvie: Consultancy; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy; Takeda: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy. DeZern: Bristol Myers Squibbs: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Astellas: Honoraria; Keros: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Shattuck Labs: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Appellis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; servier: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; geron: Other: dsmb. Ghiaur: Kinomica: Consultancy, Research Funding; Menarini Richerche: Consultancy, Research Funding; Abbvie Inc: Research Funding. Fuchs: Iyuda: Current equity holder in private company. Wagner-Johnston: AstraZeneca: Research Funding; Genentech: Research Funding; Merck: Research Funding; Beigene: Consultancy. Ali: Sanofi: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pfizer/IMF: Research Funding. Huff: Sanofi: Honoraria; Legend Biotechnologies: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria. Gojo: Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Merck: Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding; Genentech: Research Funding; Gilead: Research Funding; Kura Oncology: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Nkarta: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; In8Bio: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Kura Oncology: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.

*signifies non-member of ASH