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5170a Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of BCMA-Targeted CAR-T Cell Recipients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 during the Omicron Wave: A Retrospective Study

Program: Oral and Poster Abstracts
Session: 907. Outcomes Research: Plasma Cell Disorders: Poster III
Hematology Disease Topics & Pathways:
Clinical Practice (Health Services and Quality)
Monday, December 9, 2024, 6:00 PM-8:00 PM

Haiqiong Zheng1*, Shi Han, PhD2*, Houli Zhao2*, Yongxian Hu3* and He Huang, MD4*

1Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of The First Affiliated Hospital & Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China, AL, China
2Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of The First Affiliated Hospital & Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
3Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
4Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of The First Affiliated Hospital & Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, hangzhou, China

Background

Patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (R/R MM) are more susceptible to pathogens, including severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2. And these patients are more likely to developing severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) for their immunocompromised condition. Regardless the good response of B cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, the deficiency of humoral immunity after CAR-T cell infusion still threaten patients’ lives. However, with the decreasing of the COVID-19 severity and morality in Omicron wave, the characteristics and outcomes of BCMA-targeted CAR-T cell recipients with COVID-19 remain unknown. We conducted a comparative study to delineate the clinical characteristics and outcomes between recipients of BCMA-targeted CAR-T cell therapy who contracted COVID-19 and those who remained unaffected.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed R/R MM patients who participated in BCMA-targeted CAR-T cell therapy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine (ChiCTR1800017404, NCT05430945). Patients who had performed antigen or quantitative polymerase chain reaction test for COVID-19 from November 2022 to February 2023 were included. The final follow-up time was on April 30, 2023, and patients should have been followed at least 60 days since COVID-19 diagnosis. The odds ratios for COVID-19 and severe COVID-19 were assessed using logistic regression analyses. The hazard ratios of COVID-19 survival and COVID-19 duration were estimated using Cox regression models.

Results

A total of 49 patients (30 male and 19 female) with R/R MM who had received BCMA-targeted CAR-T cell therapy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine were enrolled, consisting two cohorts: 17 patients without COVID-19 diagnosis, and 32 patients with COVID-19 diagnosis (including 26 with mild or moderate COVID-19 and 6 with severe COVID-19).

We found no significant factor associated with COVID-19 infection. Advanced age was regarded as a significant risk factor for developing severe COVID-19 (odds ratio (OR)=1.367, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.017-1.838, P=0.038), while complete response (CR) after CAR-T cell therapy (OR=0.012, 95% CI=0.000-0.674, P=0.032) was a protective factor. In addition, male (hazard ratio (HR)=4.765, 95% CI=1.721-13.193, P=0.003) and CR after CAR-T cell therapy (HR=4.265, 95% CI=1.527-11.913, P=0.003) were associated with shorter duration of COVID-19. And CR after CAR-T cell therapy (HR=0.081, 95% CI=0.009-0.752, P=0.027) and non-CR stage of MM at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis (HR=4.610, 95% CI=1.259-16.879, P=0.003) were independent protective factor and risk factor for morality of COVID-19, respectively.

Conclusion

R/R MM patients who had received BCMA-targeted CAR-T cell therapy are more susceptible to COVID-19. However, COVID-19 severity and morality rate of this population reduced during Omicron pandemic. The risk factor for developing severe COVID-19 was older age and the protective factor was CR after CAR-T cell infusion. Moreover, male and CR after CAR-T cell therapy were significantly associated with shorter duration of COVID-19. And CR after CAR-T cell therapy was regarded as a protective factor, while non-CR stage of MM at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis was a risk factor. Thus, preventive strategies are vital for old, non-responsive patients with R/R MM.

Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

*signifies non-member of ASH