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2185 Improved Post-Transplant Outcomes over Time for Older Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in First Complete Remission. a Study from the EBMT Acute Leukemia Working Party

Program: Oral and Poster Abstracts
Session: 732. Allogeneic Transplantation: Disease Response and Comparative Treatment Studies: Poster I
Hematology Disease Topics & Pathways:
Lymphoid Leukemias, ALL, Elderly, Diseases, Lymphoid Malignancies, Study Population, Human
Saturday, December 7, 2024, 5:30 PM-7:30 PM

Nour Moukalled, MD1*, Allain-Thibeault Ferhat2*, Ali Bazarbachi, MD, PhD3, Didier Blaise, MD4*, Annoek E. C. Broers, MD5*, Cristina Castilla-Llorente, MD6*, Eva-Maria Wagner Drouet7*, Peter A. Von Dem Borne, MD, PhD8*, Thomas Schroeder9*, Jakob R. Passweg10, Ibrahim Yakoub-Agha, MD, PhD11*, Peter Dreger12, Nicolaus Kröger, MD13*, Renato Fanin, MD14*, Ludovic Gabellier, MD, PhD15*, Igor Wolfgang Blau, MD, PhD16*, Eolia Brissot17, Arnon Nagler, MD18, Sebastian Giebel, MD, PhD19*, Mohamad Mohty, MD, PhD20 and Fabio Ciceri, MD21*

1Bone Marrow Transplantation Program, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
2EBMT Statistical Unit, Sorbonne University, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM UMRs 938, Paris, France
3American University of Beirut Dept. of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
4Department of Hematology, Programme de Transplantation & Therapie Cellulaire, Marseille, France
5Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
6Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
7Medical Clinic III, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
8Leiden University Hospital, Leiden, Netherlands
9Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
10University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
11CHU de Lille, Univ Lille, INSERM U1286, Infinite, 59000, LILLE, France
12Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
13Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
14Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Udine, Udine, Italy
15Service d'Hématologie Clinique, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
16Medizinische Klinik m. S. Hämatologie, Onkologie und Tumorimmunologie, Berlin, Germany
17Service d’hématologie et des maladies du sang, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
18Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
19Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
20Sorbonne University, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, and INSERM UMRs938, Paris, France
21Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, I.R.C.C.S. San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy

Despite the increasing use of targeted therapies, allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) remains an important and potentially curative treatment modality for patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Patients older than 60 years historically have performed poorly. Over time, significant progress in allo-HCT has resulted in decreased non-relapse mortality (NRM) and allowed the delivery of allo-HCT to older patients. However, little information is available about the global impact of the current standard of care for older ALL patients after allo-HCT and about the predictive factors for post-transplant outcomes. To address these challenges, we assessed real-world changes over time in transplant characteristics and post-transplant outcomes in older patients with ALL (> 60 years), comparing transplants performed in 2010-2015 with those performed in 2016-2022, using a large dataset from the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation registry.

We identified 832 adult patients (49% female; median age 64 years, range 60-76) with T-ALL (N=143;17%), Philadelphia positive B-cell ALL (B Ph+; N=471; 57%), Philadelphia negative B-cell ALL (B Ph-; N=218; 26%), allografted between 2010 and 2022 in CR1 from a matched sibling donor (MSD; 26%), unrelated donor (UD; 61%) or haploidentical donor (Haplo; 11%). Karnofsky score was <90 in 30%. Conditioning was reduced intensity (RIC), myeloablative (MAC) using total body irradiation (TBI) and MAC chemotherapy in 57%, 27% and 16% of patients respectively. In vivo T cell depletion (TCD), post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) and peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) were given to 76%, 26% and 93% of patients, respectively. Median follow up was 3 years.

We compared changes in patient and transplant characteristics over time in 280 (34%) patients transplanted in 2010-2015, and 552 (66%) patients transplanted in 2016-2022. Patients transplanted in recent years were older, more likely to have T-ALL or B Ph-, to receive a MAC-TBI conditioning and PTCy and less likely to receive TCD. The 2-year cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) significantly decreased from 35% to 23% whereas NRM (24% and 22% respectively). The 2-year leukemia free survival (LFS) and overall survival (OS) increased over time from 42% to 55% and from 51% to 65%, respectively. Increased in LFS and OS was observed for all three types of ALL: T-ALL (LFS 34% to 54%; OS 51% to 60%), B-Ph+ (LFS 45% to 60%; OS 53% to 71%), B Ph- (LFS 37% to 49%; OS 45% to 56%). In a Cox regression multivariate analysis (MVA), LFS was positively affected by a recent year of transplant (Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.73, p=0.034), MAC-TBI (HR 0.65, p=0.018) and use of PTCy (HR 0.68, p=0.04) but was not affected by the type of ALL. Transplantation in recent years positively affected CIR (HR= 0.55 p= 0.002) and chronic and extensive chronic GVHD (HR=0.66 p=0.037 and HR=0.49, p=0.016, respectively) whereas older age negatively affected NRM (HR=0.4, p=0.014) and chronic and extensive chronic GVHD (HR=1.76 p=0.039 and HR=2.42, p=0.023, respectively).

In conclusion, in older patients with ALL, we observed an impressive improvement over time in post-transplant outcomes with decreased CIR, chronic and extensive GVHD and improved LFS. These large-scale, real-world data can serve as a benchmark for future studies in this setting and indicate that the opportunity for transplant for the fit elderly should be mandatory and no longer an option.

Disclosures: Moukalled: Janssen: Honoraria; Amgen: Honoraria. Bazarbachi: Biologix: Research Funding; Jansen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Amgen: Honoraria; Takeda: Honoraria; Caribou: Honoraria; Roche: Honoraria, Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding. Wagner Drouet: Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Kite: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Takeda: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: travel grant; Incyte: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BMS: Other: travel grant. Yakoub-Agha: Novartis: Honoraria; Miltenyi Biomedicine: Honoraria; BMS: Honoraria; KITE: Honoraria. Kröger: Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Neovii: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; BMS: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Therakos: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Alexion: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Kite/Gilead: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; DKMS: Research Funding; Sanofi: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Provirex: Consultancy. Giebel: Equity Ownership (Private company): Research Funding; Kiadis Pharma, The Netherlands: Research Funding; Gilead/Kite: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Miltenyi: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Immunicum/Mendes: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene/BMS, Janssen, Pfizer: Speakers Bureau. Mohty: Jazz: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Takeda: Honoraria; GSK: Honoraria; Sanofi: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Stemline Menarini: Honoraria; BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria; Amgen: Honoraria; Adaptive: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; Pfizer: Consultancy, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; MaaT Pharma: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Ciceri: ExCellThera: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.

*signifies non-member of ASH