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4692 Patterns of Progression and Outcomes in Multiple Myeloma after Anti-BCMA CAR T-Cell Therapy

Program: Oral and Poster Abstracts
Session: 653. Multiple Myeloma: Clinical and Epidemiological: Poster III
Hematology Disease Topics & Pathways:
Research, Adult, Clinical Research, Health outcomes research, Plasma Cell Disorders, Diseases, Real-world evidence, Lymphoid Malignancies, Study Population, Human
Monday, December 9, 2024, 6:00 PM-8:00 PM

Ziad Abuhelwa, MD, MPH1,2, Fnu Amisha, MD2,3, Wenyi Fan, MSPH1*, Gabriel De Avila1*, Doris K. Hansen, MD4, Ariel F. Grajales-Cruz, MD1, Brandon Blue1, Omar Castaneda, MD4, Hien Liu, MD5, Ciara Louise Freeman, PhD, MSc, FRCPC, MRCP4, Taiga Nishihori, MD5, Frederick Locke, MD5, Kenneth H. Shain, MD, PhD6, Rachid Baz, MD5 and Melissa Alsina, MD5

1H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
2Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
3Department of Hematology and Oncology, USF Morsani/H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
4Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Immunotherapy, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
5Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
6H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL

Introduction
Anti-BCMA CAR T-cell therapy is effective for patients with heavily pre-treated and refractory multiple myeloma (MM). However, it is not curative therapy, and all patients relapse. Following anti-BCMA CAR-T therapy, relapse can occur in different forms: biochemical progression with asymptomatic disease, symptomatic disease with new bone lesions, and extramedullary disease or paramedullary disease (EMD/PMD). Understanding how patients progress is important to developing optimal disease monitoring strategies and interventions. The detailed knowledge of patterns of progression post anti-BCMA CAR T-cell therapy is lacking in the literature.

Methods
This single-center retrospective study assesses the patterns of progression and the impact of the presence of EMD/PMD on clinical outcomes post-CAR T-cell therapy in patients with MM. The study included MM patients treated at Moffitt Cancer Center with commercial anti-BCMA CAR T-cell therapy (Ide-cel or Cilta-cel) between May 2021 and December 2023 who experienced progression post-CAR T-cell therapy. The clinical, laboratory, imaging, pathology, and genetics data were reviewed prior to CAR T-cell infusion, on day 90 post-CAR T-cell therapy, and at progression.

Results
A total of 251 patients with MM received commercial anti-BCMA CAR T-cell therapy (Ide-cel=176, Cilta-cel=75), with 106 had disease progression (Ide-cel=92, Cilta-cel=14). The median age at the time of CAR T-cell infusion for those who progressed was 66 years, with a majority being men (56%) and white (66%). Most patients had IgG subtype (57%), and kappa light chain involvement (67%). High-risk disease was present in 64%, with chromosome 1 abnormalities in 58%, chromosome 17p deletions in 30%, t(4;14) in 13%, and t(14;16) in 6%. EMD/PMD (either detected on imaging or biopsy) was present in 46% of cases prior to CAR T-cell infusion, most commonly in lymph nodes (18%), skin/soft tissue (13%), and paraspinal masses (12%).

The objective response rate at day 90 post-CAR T-cell infusion was 63%, with a complete response rate of 50%, including stringent complete response. The median time to progression was 7.7 months (IQR: 3.2-11.6). At progression, 59% of patients had bone marrow involvement (≥5% plasma cells), 82% had biochemical progression (an increase in paraprotein that fulfills the International Myeloma Working Group criteria for progression), 50% developed new bone disease, and 52% had EMD/PMD (by imaging or biopsy). Of those who had EMD/PMD at progression, 55% had EMD/PMD at baseline prior to CAR T-cell infusion, and 45% developed new EMD/PMD. The most common sites were skin/soft tissue (19%), lymph nodes (15%), and lungs (11%).

The median overall survival (OS) from the time of progression was 12.5 months (95%CI: 8.6–not achieved). Median OS was significantly longer in patients without EMD/PMD prior to CAR T-cell therapy (21 vs. 7 months, p=0.023) and at progression (21 vs. 7.4 months, p=0.033). The median progression-free survival (PFS) from time of progression was 5.8 months (95%CI: 4.74–not achieved), with a lower median PFS in patients with EMD/PMD prior to CAR T-cell infusion (4 vs. 7.4 months, p=0.012) and at progression (4.8 vs. 8.5 months, p=0.05).

Conclusion

The progression pattern post-CAR T-cell therapy is heterogeneous. Our study showed a significant impact of EMD/PMD on survival outcomes. Patients without EMD/PMD prior to CAR T-cell therapy had significantly longer OS and PFS. These results highlight the need for tailored treatment strategies to improve outcomes for MM patients with EMD/PMD.

Disclosures: Hansen: BMS: Consultancy, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy; Karyopharm: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy. Grajales-Cruz: Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Sanofi: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Cellectar: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Speakers Bureau. Blue: Sanofi: Speakers Bureau; Pfizer Pharmaceuticals, Oncopeptides, Takeda, Abbvie, Janssen, and Kite Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy. Castaneda: Janssen: Consultancy; Legend Biotech: Consultancy; BMS: Consultancy. Liu: BioLineRx: Consultancy, Honoraria. Freeman: Roche/Genentech: Research Funding; Incyte: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy, Research Funding; ONK therapeutics: Consultancy; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Abbvie: Consultancy; Sanofi: Consultancy; Amgen: Consultancy; BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding. Nishihori: Novartis: Research Funding; Karyopharm: Other: drug only supply to the institution; Medexus: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; ImmunoGen: Consultancy. Locke: Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer: Honoraria; Cowen: Consultancy; Communications CARE Education: Honoraria; Imedex: Honoraria; Allogene: Other: Institutional, Research Funding; Sana: Consultancy; CERo Therapeutics: Research Funding; Moffitt Cancer Center: Patents & Royalties; Clinical Care Options Oncology: Honoraria; Caribou: Consultancy; Calibr: Consultancy; BioPharma Communications CARE Education: Honoraria; Legend Biotech: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding; Umoja: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy; American Society of Hematology: Honoraria, Other: travel, accomodation, expenses; Kite, a Gilead Company: Consultancy, Other: institutional, travel, accomodation, expenses, Research Funding; 2SeventyBio: Other: Institutional, Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Research Funding; Bluebird Bio: Consultancy; Amgen: Consultancy; A2: Consultancy; Allogene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Aptitude Health: Honoraria; EcoR1: Consultancy; Gerson Lehrman Group (GLG): Consultancy; Iovance: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy; National Cancer Institute: Other: Institutional, Research Funding; Leukemia and Lymphoma Society Scholar in Clinical Research: Other: Institutional, Research Funding. Shain: Karyopharm: Research Funding; Takeda: Consultancy; Karyopharm, Janssen, Adaptive Biotechnologies, GlaxoSmithKline, BMS, Sanofi, and Regeneron: Honoraria; Glaxo Smith Kline: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Adaptive Biotech: Consultancy; Abbvie: Research Funding; Amgen: Research Funding; Sanofi: Consultancy; BMS: Consultancy, Research Funding. Baz: Pfizer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Cellectar: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Karyopharm Therapeutics: Research Funding; AbbVie: Research Funding; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Regeneron: Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding. Alsina: BMS: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Sanofi: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.

*signifies non-member of ASH