Type: Oral
Session: 652. MGUS, Amyloidosis, and Other Non-Myeloma Plasma Cell Dyscrasias: Clinical and Epidemiological: Genes, Cells and Algorithms: Novel Methods of Predicting Progression in MGUS and SMM
Hematology Disease Topics & Pathways:
Plasma Cell Disorders, Diseases, Lymphoid Malignancies, Measurable Residual Disease
We analyzed the data and outcomes of 254 consecutive pts with MGUS or SMM by IMWG2014 criteria, diagnosed and followed in the Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Athens. Pts were evaluated prospectively for the detection of CTCs at the time of initial diagnosis. CTCs were assessed in peripheral blood (PB) according to the EuroFlow guidelines, using two independent 8-color panels, both containing CD19-PC7, CD27-BV510, CD38-FITC, CD45-PerCPCy5.5, CD56-PE, CD138-BV421, and additionally CD117-APC and CD81-APCC750 only in the surface tube or CyIgκ-APC and CyIgλ-APCC750 only in the intracytoplasmic tube. A median number of 5 million events (range 3.9x106-6.1x106) were acquired for each tube and median LOD was 2.3x10-6 (range 2x10-6- 3.1x10-6).
The median age of the cohort was 65 years (range 28-87), 60% were females, 118 (46.5%) had non-IgM MGUS and 136 (53.5%) SMM. The isotype was IgG in 83% and 74%, IgA in 16% and 22% and light chain only in 1% and 3% of MGUS and SMM pts respectively. Among MGUS pts, 46% had abnormal FLC ratio and the median M-spike was 0.59 gr/dl (range: 0-1.87). For SMM pts, 17% had FLC ratio >20, 13% had M-spike >2 gr/dl and 29% had BM plasma cell infiltration >20%. Per IMWGs 20/2/20, 42% were low risk (no risk factors), 32% intermediate (one risk factor) and 11% high risk (2-3 risk factors). Cytogenetics were available in 60 pts (19 MGUS and 41 SMM): t(4;14) was present in 10% of SMM, t(11;14) in 22% of SMM and MGUS, t(14;16) in 8% if SMM, +1q21 in 31% of SMM and 6% of MGUS, del17p in 2% of SMM and 5% of MGUS (one patient each) and del13q in 29% of SMM and 17% of MGUS.
Clonal plasma cells (CTCs) were detectable in 39% of cohort’s pts: in 24% of MGUS and in 52% of SMM pts (p<0.001). Among those with detectable CTCs, median level was 0.0019% (range 0.0002% to 0.22%) and did not differ among MGUs and SMM pts. The presence of detectable CTCs was associated with higher BM infiltration (p<0.001) but did not correlate with SMM risk group: among low-risk SMM pts, 50% had detectable CTCs (median 0.0033%) vs 52% of pts with intermediate (median 0.0031%) and 62% (median 0.0004%) with high risk SMM (p=0.864). The median follow-up of the whole cohort is 24 months; 23 pts have progressed and 2-year progression rate was 9% for the whole cohort, 2% for MGUS and 12% for SMM pts. Among SMM pts, 2-year progression rate was 0%, 7% and 15% for low, intermediate and high risk SMM (p=0.1). The presence of CTCs was associated with a higher risk of progression to symptomatic MM among all pts in the cohort (HR: 2.99; 95% CI 1.15-7.7, p=0.024). Among SMM pts the presence of detectable CTCs was also associated with a higher risk of progression (HR: 2.99; 95% CI 1.02-9.5, p=0.045). For MGUS pts the number of events was low to draw statistical conclusions. We also evaluated 0.015% as a CTCs cutoff (identified previously by Termini et al) but did not reach statistical significance.
In conclusion, CTCs are detectable in about 39% of pts with asymptomatic monoclonal gammopathies, both in MGUS (in 24%) and more frequently in SMM (in 52%). Their presence is associated with increased risk of progression to symptomatic disease, but longer follow up is needed to identify their role in MGUS and the additive information over available risk stratification tools. Longitudinal assessments may provide further prognostic information. CTCs could provide an non-invasive, easy-to-follow biomarker.
Disclosures: Ntanasis-Stathopoulos: Janssen-Cilag: Honoraria; AstraZeneca: Honoraria; Cellectar Biosciences: Research Funding. Fotiou: Sanofi: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria. Migkou: Janssen Cilag: Honoraria; GlaxoSmithKline: Honoraria. Gavriatopoulou: Genesis Pharma: Honoraria; Amgen: Consultancy; Beigene: Research Funding; AbbVie: Honoraria; BMS: Research Funding; Cellectar Biosciences: Research Funding; GSK: Consultancy, Honoraria; Integris: Honoraria; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria; Swixx: Honoraria; Janssen Cilag: Honoraria; Karyopharm: Consultancy. Dimopoulos: ASTRA ZENECA: Honoraria; MENARINI: Honoraria; SWIXX: Honoraria; BEIGENE: Honoraria; JANSSEN: Honoraria; BMS: Honoraria; AMGEN: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; REGENERON: Honoraria; SANOFI: Honoraria; GSK: Honoraria; TAKEDA: Honoraria. Terpos: Janssen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Pfizer: Honoraria; BMS: Honoraria; Menarini/Stemline: Honoraria; EUSA Pharma: Honoraria, Other: Travel expenses; AstraZeneca: Honoraria, Other: Travel expenses; GSK: Honoraria, Research Funding; Amgen: Honoraria, Other: Travel expenses, Research Funding; Sanofi: Honoraria, Other: Travel expenses, Research Funding; Takeda: Honoraria, Other: Travel expenses, Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria; Antengene: Honoraria, Research Funding; Swixx: Honoraria. Kastritis: Sanofi: Honoraria; AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Prothena: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Honoraria; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Genesis Pharma: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; GSK: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding.
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