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693 No Differences in Transplant Outcomes with Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide in One Antigen Mismatched Unrelated Donor Compared to Matched Unrelated Donor Recipients Receiving Antithymocyte Globulin in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Study from the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the EBMT

Program: Oral and Poster Abstracts
Type: Oral
Session: 732. Allogeneic Transplantation: Disease Response and Comparative Treatment Studies: Finding the Ideal Donor and Graft: Going Beyond HLA
Hematology Disease Topics & Pathways:
Research, Acute Myeloid Malignancies, AML, Adult, Clinical Practice (Health Services and Quality), Health outcomes research, Clinical Research, Supportive Care, Diseases, Real-world evidence, Treatment Considerations, Registries, Survivorship, Myeloid Malignancies, Study Population, Human
Sunday, December 8, 2024: 5:00 PM

Giorgia Battipaglia1,2*, Allain Thibeault Ferhat Berland3*, Jaques-Emmanuel Galimard4*, Myriam Labopin5,6,7*, Didier Blaise, MD8*, Jan Vydra, MD, PhD9*, Claude-Éric Bulabois, MD10*, Alexander Kulagin, MD, PhD11*, Franca Fagioli, MD, PhD12*, Thomas Schroeder13*, Igor Wolfgang Blau, MD, PhD14*, Nicolaus Kröger, MD15*, Urpu Salmenniemi, MD16*, Laimonas Griskevicius17*, Annalisa Ruggeri, MD, PhD18*, Simona Piemontese19*, Jaime Sanz20*, Ali Bazarbachi, MD, PhD21, Arnon Nagler, MD22, Eolia Brissot5, Mohamad Mohty, MD, PhD23,24 and Fabio Ciceri, MD25*

1Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy, Naples, ITA
2Federico II University of Naples, Hematology Department, Naples, Italy, Naples, Italy
3EBMT Paris study office, Paris, France
4EBMT Lymphoma Working Party, Paris, France
5Hematology Department, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Service d'Hématologie et Thérapie Cellulaire, Paris, France, Paris, France
6EBMT Paris office, Paris, France
7Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France, Paris, France
8Programme de Transplantation & Thérapie Cellulaire, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
9Institute of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
10Hematology Department, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
11RM Gorbacheva Research Institute, Pavlov University, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
12Ospedale Infantile Regina Margherita, Torino, Italy, Torino, Italy
13Dept. of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation West German Cancer Centre University Hospital Essen Essen, Germany, Essen, Germany
14Medizinische Klinik m. S. Hämatologie , Onkologie und Tumorimmunologie, Berlin, Germany, Berlin, Germany
15University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany, Hamburg, Germany
16HUCH Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland, Helsinki, Finland
17Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania, Vilnius, Lithuania
18Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
19Hematology and Bone Marrow transplant Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, Milano, Milano, Italy
20Hematology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Departament de Medicina Universitat de Valencia, CIBERONC, Instituto Carlos III, Spain, VALENCIA, Spain
21American University of Beirut Dept. of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
22Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
23Sorbonne University, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, and INSERM UMRs938, Paris, France
24Hematology Department, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Service d'Hématologie et Thérapie Cellulaire, Paris, France
25Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, I.R.C.C.S. San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy

Background. Antithymocyte globulin (ATG) for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) from matched (MUD) and 9/10 human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-mismatched unrelated donors (MMUD) has for years, represented a gold standard in Europe. However, the more recent expansion of post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) has shown promising results with even superior outcomes compared to ATG in the MMUD setting, while no differences have been observed in the MUD setting. Historically, outcomes of allo-HCT from MMUD have been reported as worse compared to MUD, due to the existence of HLA mismatches. Whether the use of PTCy for MMUD may abrogate these differences deserves investigation.

Methods. We aimed to compare outcomes after allo-HCT from MUD with ATG (MUD-ATG) to those from MMUD with PTCy (MMUD-PTCy) in adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in first complete remission transplanted during the period 2010-2022 and receiving peripheral blood stem cells. Patients receiving both ATG and PTCy were excluded. Only a calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) in association with either mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) or methotrexate (MTX) were included as adjuvant immunosuppressors. Propensity score matching was used to reduce or eliminate confounding effects. Each MMUD-PTCy patient was matched with three MUD-ATG patients using the nearest neighbor method. Included in the propensity score model were: Karnofsky performance status, age at allo-HCT, year of transplant, female donor to male recipient, cytogenetic risk, interval from diagnosis to transplant, intensity of the conditioning regimen. Univariable Cox analysis was performed on pair-matched data. Before matching, 5835 patients (MMUD-PTCy, n=188; MUD-ATG, n=5647) were identified. Herein we report the results after pair-matching.

Results. After pair-matching, 538 and 180 patients in MUD-ATG and MMUD-PTCy groups, respectively, were included. Median age at transplant was 54 years (range 18-77 for MUD-ATG and 20-76 for MMUD-PTCy) while median interval from diagnosis to transplant was nearly 5 months in both groups (interquartile range 4.1-6.9 for MUD-ATG and 4.4-6.7 for PTCy-MMUD). Patients in the MMUD-PTCy were transplanted more recently (2020 versus 2019 for MUD-ATG). A Karnofsky score <90 was observed in 17% (n=90 for ATG-MUD and n=30 for PTCy-MMUD) of cases in both groups. Most patients were transplanted for intermediate-risk cytogenetics AML (69% [n=327] for ATG-MUD and 70% [n=109] for MMUD-PTCy) while adverse karyotype occurred in 25% (n=119 for ATG-MUD and n=38 for PTCy-MMUD) of cases in both groups. A female donor to male recipient combination was recorded for 17% (n=89) and 19% (n=34) of cases for MUD-ATG and MMUD-PTCy groups, respectively. Ninety-nine percent of patients in the MMUD-PTCy group received a CNI+MMF as adjuvant immunosuppression (n=178), also used in 41% (n=222) of cases in the MUD-ATG group. A myeloablative conditioning regimen was used in 51% (n=264 for MUD-ATG and n=89 for MMUD-PTCy) of cases in both groups. Neutrophil engraftment at 30 days was significantly higher in the MUD-ATG group (97.5% [95% CI 95.7-98.6] versus 94.1% [95% CI 89.2-96.8] for MMUD-PTCy, HR 0.67 [SE 0.56-0.79], p<0.0001). With a median follow-up of 2 years, no differences were observed for transplant outcomes. Indeed, survival outcomes at 2 years were distributed as follows for MUD-ATG and MMUD-PTCy groups, respectively: overall survival 74.3% (95% CI 69.8-78.2) versus 69.1% (95% CI 60.9-75.9), p=0.389; leukemia-free survival 66.5% (95% CI 61.8-70.7) versus 64.9% (95% CI 56.8-71.9), p=0.511; relapse incidence 23.7% (95% CI 19.8-27.8) versus 28.5% (95% CI 21.6-35.8), p=0.110; non-relapse mortality 9.8% (7.4-12.8) versus 6.6% (95% CI 3.4-11.1), p=0.209; 180-day grade II-IV acute GVHD 24.5% (95% CI 20.9-28.3) versus 26.1% (95% CI 19.7-32.8), p=0.763; grade III-IV acute GVHD 7.9% (95% CI 5.8-10.4) versus 9.8% (95% CI 6-14.8), p=0.424; chronic GVHD of all grades 33.6% (95% CI 29.2-38.1) versus 27.4% (95% CI 20.8-34.5), p=0.556; extensive chronic GVHD 13.1% (95% CI 10.1-16.5) versus 9.1% (95% CI 5.2-14.4), p=0.209.

Conclusions. When using PTCy, transplant outcomes of MMUD transplantation are not different from those from MUD recipients receiving ATG. Use of PTCy may allow to overcome the HLA barrier abrogating the historical differences in transplant outcomes between MMUD and MUD recipients.

Disclosures: Battipaglia: Sanofi: Honoraria. Kröger: Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Neovii: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; BMS: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Therakos: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Alexion: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Kite/Gilead: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; DKMS: Research Funding; Sanofi: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Provirex: Consultancy. Salmenniemi: Medac: Consultancy; Astella: Other: advisory board; Takeda: Other: Advisory board; AstraZeneca: Other: Advisory board; Immdica: Other: Advisory board. Bazarbachi: Biologix: Research Funding; Amgen: Honoraria; Roche: Honoraria, Research Funding; Caribou: Honoraria; Jansen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding; Takeda: Honoraria. Mohty: Sanofi: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Honoraria; Pfizer: Consultancy, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Takeda: Honoraria; GSK: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; Stemline Menarini: Honoraria; Jazz: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria; Adaptive: Honoraria; MaaT Pharma: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Ciceri: ExCellThera: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.

*signifies non-member of ASH