Type: Oral
Session: 623. Mantle Cell, Follicular, Waldenstrom’s, and Other Indolent B Cell Lymphomas: Clinical and Epidemiological: Clinical Trials for Marginal Zone Lymphoma, Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia and Hairy Cell Leukemia
Hematology Disease Topics & Pathways:
Antibody Therapy, Combination therapy, Lymphoid Leukemias, CLL, Diseases, Treatment Considerations, Biological therapies, Immunotherapy, Lymphoid Malignancies, Monoclonal Antibody Therapy, Measurable Residual Disease
Patients and Methods: Patients with relapsed HCL after initial purine analog were randomized to CDAR (2nd line cladribine 0.15 mg/kg intravenously days 1-5 with 8 weekly doses of rituximab 375 mg/m2 begun on day 1) or CDA alone. MRD was assessed by blood and bone marrow aspirate (BMA) flow cytometry (FC, sensitivity 0.002% of cells) and bone marrow biopsy immunohistochemistry (IHC). If blood MRD was detected by FC after 6 months, patients could receive delayed rituximab, one 8-dose course for those after CDAR, and up to 2 courses for those after CDA. After beginning each course of CDAR, CDA or delayed rituximab, blood was evaluated every 3 months for a year, then every 6 months until 2.5 years, then annually. Bone marrow was evaluated at 1, 6, 18 and 30 months, and then every 2 years. CR required resolution of enlarged spleen and lymph nodes, morphologic resolution of blood and bone marrow disease, and resolution of cytopenias to neutrophils >1.5/nL, hemoglobin >11 g/dL, and platelets >100/nL, unless patients were MRD-free by all tests.
Results: Sixty-two patients, each with 1 prior course of CDA (n=60) or pentostatin (n=2), were randomized to either CDAR (n=32) or CDA (n=30). At 4 weeks posttreatment, CR rates were 50% vs 20% (p=0.018), and MRD-free CR rates were 38% vs 0% (p=0.0001). By 6 months (prior to delayed rituximab), CR rates were 91% vs 73% (p=0.10) and MRD-free rates were 63% vs 3% (p<0.0001). With subsequent resolution of MRD without delayed rituximab, MRD-free CR rates after CDAR vs CDA improved to 72% vs 10% (p<0.0001). Before delayed rituximab, relapse-free survival (RSF) was not different for CDAR vs CDA, with relapses in 3 of 29 vs 5 of 22 from CR (median not reached vs 157 months, p=0.29), and 5 of 23 vs 1 of 3 from MRD-free CR (medians both not reached, p=0.86). A first course of delayed rituximab was given 6.5-104 (median 16.3) months after CDAR (n=9) and 6.2-44 (median 7.9 months) after CDA (n=23). After 1 course of delayed rituximab, CR was observed in 8 (89%) of 9 CDAR vs 21 (91%) of 23 CDA patients, and MRD-free CR in 2 (22%) of 9 vs 8 (35%) of 23. Ten patients received a 2nd course of delayed rituximab after CDA and 6-91 (median 56) months after the 1st delayed rituximab course, with CRs in 8 of 10 and MRD-free CR in 1 of 10. At 7.0-182 (median 113) months of follow-up after CDAR vs CDA including delayed rituximab, 100% vs 90% (p=0.11) achieved CR and 75% vs 60% (p=0.28) MRD-free CR, without significant differences in RFS for these CRs. Two after CDAR vs 4 after CDA (p=0.42) progressed and required alternative therapy, several of whom remain MRD-free after moxetumomab pasudotox with rituximab.
Conclusion: In once-relapsed HCL, like untreated HCL, CDAR compared to CDA trended towards a higher CR rate and achieved a much higher MRD-free CR rate. However, delayed rituximab after CDAR and CDA improved rates and durations of response to similar levels. This differs from untreated HCL, where MRD-free CR remained higher after CDAR than after CDA even after delayed rituximab. It is possible that CDA has less synergy with rituximab once CDA is already used. Thus, CDA with delayed rituximab at >6 months if/when blood becomes MRD-positive is still reasonable 2nd line treatment of HCL. Delayed rituximab is now being tested to eliminate MRD in patients who achieve MRD-positive CR to MEK +/- BRAF inhibition.
Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.