Type: Oral
Session: 617. Acute Myeloid Leukemias: Commercially Available Therapies: How Do We Start? Upfront Regimens with Commercially Available Therapies
Hematology Disease Topics & Pathways:
Research, Clinical trials, Acute Myeloid Malignancies, AML, Combination therapy, Clinical Research, Diseases, Treatment Considerations, Myeloid Malignancies
Methods: Pts with newly diagnosed AML were enrolled in a prospective phase 2 clinical trial with CLAD (5mg/m2 days 1-5), LDAC (20mg SQ BID d 1-10) and VEN (400mg, d 1-21) induction therapy followed by a consolidation phase that alternates two courses of azacytidine (75mg/m2 d1-7) and VEN with two courses of CLAD (d 1-3), LDAC and VEN (same dose) (NCT03586609). Doses of VEN were modified with concomitant azoles and reduced days (7-14 d) during consolidation.
Results: From November 2018 to October 2023, 141 pts were enrolled in the study. The median age was 68 (range 47-84) and 58% were male. 53% had normal karyotype and 19% had complex karyotype. According to the ELN 2022 classification, 19%, 21% and 60% were classified as favorable, intermediate and adverse risk, respectively. DNMT3A (30%), NPM1 (23%) and TET2 (20%) were the most common mutations, and TP53 was mutated in 17% of patients. N/KRAS mutations and FLT3-ITD were present in 21% and 4%, respectively.
The composite complete remission (CR) rate was 85% (120/141 pts), with 73% achieving CR and 12% achieving CR with incomplete blood count recovery (CRi). The median cycles to first and best response was 1 (range, 1-3 and 1-7, respectively). Among pts with CR/CRi, 78% achieved negative measurable residual disease (MRD-) by flow cytometry. The 4- and 8-week mortality was 1 and 3%, respectively. The median time to absolute neutrophil count recovery (>1x109/L) and platelet recovery (>100x109/L) after first cycle was 26 and 24 days, respectively. The median number of cycles given was 2 (range 1-18). 62 patients (44%) proceeded to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in first CR.
The median follow-up was 28 months. The 2-yr OS and event-free survival (EFS) was 62% and 55%, respectively. The 2-yr OS was 84%, 67% and 51% for patients allocated in the favorable, intermediate and adverse ELN 2022 classification (P = .02, C index .59). Patients achieving MRD- had a better 2-yr OS (75%) compared to patients with positive MRD (32%, P < .001). There was not significant difference among pts with AML with or without N/KRAS mutations (CR rate of 83% for patients with N/KRAS mutations, 2-yr OS of 48% and 66% for patients with and without N/KRAS mutations, P = .1). The 2-yr OS was 85% for patients proceeding to HSCT, compared to 55% for those not receiving HSCT (P < .001), using a landmark analysis (landmark time 4.1 months).
In a multivariate analysis, a complex karyotype (HR 2.97, 95% CI 1.55-5.67, P < .001) and NPM1 mutation (HR 0.38, 95% CI 0.17-0.86, P = 0.02) were independent prognostic factors for OS. Using a survival random forest approach, we identified the most influential variables for OS to generate a predictive risk model for patients treated with this combination. Patients with NPM1 or DDX41 mutations were allocated in the very good risk group (n=43, MRD- 97%, mOS 60 months, 2-yr OS 85%). Patients without risk-defining genetic abnormalities were allocated in the good risk group (n=54, MRD- 84%, mOS 50 months, 2-yr OS 66%). Patients with N/KRAS without NPM1 mutation were allocated in the intermediate risk group (n=19, MRD- 56%, mOS 18 months, 2-yr OS 43%). Patients with complex karyotype or multihit TP53 mutation were allocated in the poor risk group (n=25, MRD- 56%, mOS 7 months, 2-yr OS 23%). This classification was able to properly stratify patients according to their survival, with a better performance than ELN 2022 (P < .001, C index .7).
Conclusions: CLAD-LDAC-VEN alternating with AZA + VEN produces an excellent rate of CR/CRi with high rates of MRD negativity , translating into favorable long term OS and EFS in patients aged ≥ 60 yrs or those unfit for intensive chemotherapy. Benefit was seen across most genomically defined subgroups, including those with RAS mutations, where an HMA-Ven alone approach is associated with a mOS of 12 months.
Disclosures: Kantarjian: AbbVie, Amgen, Ascentage, Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals, KAHR Medical, Novartis, Pfizer, Shenzhen Target Rx, Stemline,Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria. Borthakur: Pacylex, Novartis, Cytomx, Bio Ascend: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Catamaran Bio, AbbVie, PPD Development, Protagonist Therapeutics, Janssen: Consultancy; Astex Pharmaceuticals, Ryvu, PTC Therapeutics: Research Funding. Short: Autolus: Honoraria; Xencor: Research Funding; Astellas Pharma, Inc.: Honoraria, Research Funding; Sanofi: Honoraria; Stemline Therapeutics: Research Funding; Takeda Oncology: Honoraria, Research Funding; BeiGene: Honoraria; Amgen: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; Adaptive Biotechnologies: Honoraria; NextCure: Research Funding; GSK: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pfizer Inc.: Honoraria. Jabbour: AbbVie, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Amgen, Astellas Pharma, BMS, Genentech, Incyte, Pfizer, Takeda: Consultancy; AbbVie, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Amgen, Ascentage Pharma Group, Pfizer, Takeda: Research Funding. Daver: Agios: Consultancy; Jazz: Consultancy; FATE Therapeutics: Other: Consulting Fees, Research Funding; Genentech: Consultancy, Research Funding; Trillium: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novimmune: Research Funding; Arog: Consultancy; Gilead: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy; Daiichi-Sankyo: Consultancy, Research Funding; Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Research Funding; Servier: Consultancy, Research Funding; Shattuck Labs: Consultancy; Trovagene: Research Funding; Menarini Group: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Hanmi: Research Funding; KITE: Research Funding; Astellas: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy, Research Funding; Syndax: Consultancy; Glycomimetics: Research Funding. Issa: NuProbe: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: consultancy/ad board fees, Research Funding; Kura Oncology: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: consultancy/ad board fees, Research Funding; Sanofi: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: consultancy/ad board fees; Celgene: Research Funding; Astex: Research Funding; Syndax Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: consultancy/ad board fees, Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: consultancy/ad board fees; Merck: Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: consultancy/ad board fees, Research Funding; AbbVie: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: consultancy/ad board fees. DiNardo: AstraZeneca: Honoraria; Riegel: Honoraria; Jazz: Consultancy, Honoraria; BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Rigel: Research Funding; GSK: Consultancy, Honoraria; Genetech: Honoraria; Schrodinger: Consultancy, Honoraria; Amgen: Consultancy; Astellas: Consultancy, Honoraria; Loxo: Research Funding; GenMab: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: data safety board; Gilead: Consultancy; Stemline: Consultancy; Immunogen: Honoraria; Notable Labs: Honoraria; Foghorn: Research Funding; Cleave: Research Funding; ImmuneOnc: Research Funding; Astex: Research Funding; Servier: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: meetingsupport, Research Funding; Abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding. Pemmaraju: Springer Science + Business Media: Honoraria; Stemline Therapeutics: Honoraria, Other: Travel Expenses, Research Funding; Triptych Health Partners: Consultancy; Celgene: Honoraria, Other: Travel Expenses; Aptitude Health: Honoraria; Mustang Bio: Honoraria, Other: Travel Expenses, Research Funding; Protagonist Therapeutics: Consultancy; Roche Molecular Diagnostics: Honoraria; Incyte: Honoraria; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy; LFB Biotechnologies: Honoraria; Neopharm: Honoraria; ClearView Healthcare Partners: Consultancy; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding; DAVA Oncology: Honoraria, Other: Travel Expenses; Pacylex: Consultancy; CareDx: Honoraria; Blueprint Medicines: Consultancy, Honoraria; Immunogen: Consultancy; Affymetrix/Thermo Fisher Scientific: Research Funding; Cellectis: Research Funding; Daiichi Sankyo: Research Funding; Plexxikon: Research Funding; Samus Therapeutics: Research Funding; Blueprint Medicines OncLive PeerView Institute for Medical Education: Consultancy, Other: advisory board; CTI BioPharma: Consultancy; Astellas: Consultancy; AbbVie: Honoraria, Other: Travel Expenses, Research Funding; ASH Committee on Communications ASCO Cancer.NET Editorial Board: Other: Leadership; Karger Publishers: Other: Licenses; National Institute of Health/National Cancer Institute (NIH/NCI): Research Funding; HemOnc Times/Oncology Times: Other: uncompensated. Jain: Loxo Oncology: Research Funding; Kite, a Gilead Company: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Travel Support, Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding; Servier: Research Funding; TG Therapeutics: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Travel Support; MingSight: Honoraria, Research Funding; Cellectis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Travel Support, Research Funding; TransThera Sciences: Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Travel Support, Research Funding; BeiGene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Travel Support; Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Travel Support, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Travel Support; Genentech: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Travel Support, Research Funding; Medisix: Research Funding; Dialectic Therapeutics: Research Funding; NovalGen: Research Funding; ADC Therapeutics: Research Funding; Aprea Therapeutics: Research Funding; MEI Pharma: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Travel Support; Newave: Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding; Takeda: Research Funding; Precision Biosciences: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Travel Support, Research Funding; CareDx: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Travel Support; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Travel Support, Research Funding; Fate Therapeutics: Research Funding; Ipsen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Travel Support; Adaptive Biotechnologies: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Travel Support, Research Funding; AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Travel Support, Research Funding. Montalban-Bravo: Takeda: Research Funding; Rigel: Research Funding. Garcia-Manero: Curis: Research Funding; Aprea: Research Funding; Onconova: Research Funding; Astex: Other: Personal fees; Genentech: Research Funding; Merck: Research Funding; H3 Biomedicine: Research Funding; Forty Seven: Research Funding; Janssen: Research Funding; Astex: Research Funding; Bristol Myers Squibb: Other: Personal fees, Research Funding; AbbVie: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Helsinn: Other: Personal fees; Genentech: Other: Personal fees; Helsinn: Research Funding; Amphivena: Research Funding. Ravandi: Amgen: Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria; Syros: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria; Astellas: Consultancy, Honoraria; Xencor: Research Funding; Prelude: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Syndax: Honoraria; Astyex/Taiho: Research Funding. Kadia: Regeneron: Research Funding; Amgen: Research Funding; ASTEX: Research Funding; Servier: Consultancy; Sellas: Consultancy, Research Funding; JAZZ: Research Funding; DrenBio: Consultancy, Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy, Research Funding; Cellenkos: Research Funding; Genentech: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria; Rigel: Honoraria; Pfizer: Research Funding; Ascentage: Research Funding; Abbvie: Consultancy, Research Funding.