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1051 Ex Vivo Lentiviral Hematopoietic Stem Cell (HSC) Gene Therapy May Represent a Curative Therapy for the Life-Threatening Inborn Error of Immunity Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Due to Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) Deficiency (ADA-SCID)

Program: Oral and Poster Abstracts
Type: Oral
Session: 801. Gene Therapies: Gene Therapies for Hemophilia, Cancer and Immunodeficiencies
Hematology Disease Topics & Pathways:
Research, Clinical trials, Clinical Research
Monday, December 9, 2024: 4:30 PM

Katelyn Masiuk, MD, PhD1,2*, Jinhua Xu-Bayford, RN3*, Augustine Fernandes, Ph.D.4*, Konstantinos Vazouras, M.D.5,6*, Danilo Pellin, PhD7,8*, Havinder Hara, PhD9*, Sohini Roy, Ph.D,2*, Beatriz Campo Fernandez, PhD2*, Thao Thai Dang, PhD10*, Kimberly Gilmour, Ph.D.11*, Elena Alvarez Mediavilla, PhD6*, Beatrice Curio-Penny12*, Gráinne O'Toole, RN13*, Rima Ahmed, R.N.13*, Jordyn Arnold, R.N.14*, Elizabeth Garabedian, RN15*, Harry L Malech, MD16, Kenneth Cornetta, MD17*, Claire Booth, MBBS, PhD18,19* and Donald B. Kohn, MD20

1David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
2David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
3Department of Paediatric Immunology and Gene Therapy, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, London, United Kingdom
4Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetcis, University of California,-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
5Department of Paediatric Immunology and Gene Therapy, Great Ormond Street Hospital UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
6UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
7Harvard Data Science Initiative, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
8Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
9UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, GBR
10Clinical Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
11Department of Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, GBR
12David geffen School of Medicine, at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Abgeles, CA
13Department of Paediatric Immunology and Gene Therapy, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
14David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles, CA
15National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, BETHESDA, MD
16National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, LHD, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD
17National Gene vector Biorepository, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
18Institute of Child Health, London, ENG, United Kingdom
19UCL Great Ormond St Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
20David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA

Introduction: Ex Vivo Lentiviral Hematopoietic Stem Cell (HSC) Gene Therapy May Represent a Curative Therapy for the Life-Threatening Inborn Error of Immunity Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Due to Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) Deficiency (ADA-SCID).

Methods: We present long-term results from an integrated analysis of 62 patients with ADA-SCID treated in the U.S. and U.K. with autologous ex vivo hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy between 2012-2019, representing a cumulative 473 patient-years of follow-up. Patients received busulfan reduced-intensity conditioning followed by transplantation with autologous CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells transduced ex vivo with a lentiviral vector encoding human ADA (“UCL/A-ADA”). ADA enzyme replace therapy (ERT) was withdrawn 30 days post-transplant. Results: At a data cut-off of Dec 31, 2023, the median length of follow-up was 7.5 years (range 5-11.2). Overall survival was 100% and event-free survival (defined as survival without reinstatement of ERT or rescue allogeneic HSCT) was 95% (59/62). The most common adverse events (AEs) were consistent with the known safety profile of busulfan. Among all treated patients, no events of monoclonal expansion, leukoproliferative complications, emergence of replication-competent lentivirus, or deaths have been noted. 59 of 62 treated patients demonstrated sustained multilineage engraftment of gene-corrected cells. The median granulocyte vector copy number (VCN) has remained stable at ~0.2, indicating durable modification of ~20% of engrafted HSCs. In PBMCs, which exhibit a selective advantage for gene-corrected cells, median VCN increased from ~0.5 at month 3 to ~1.0 at month 36 and has been maintained at stable levels of VCN 0.2-2.0 through last assessment. Normalization of ADA activity levels and metabolic detoxification in red blood cells was observed by 3 months post-treatment, with results sustained through last follow-up visit. T cell counts nadired at month 3 following conditioning and withdrawal of ERT and increased starting at 6 months, with maximal counts achieved by 24 months. By 24 months, T cell counts in most patients had reached the expected normal ranges for age; T cell counts have remained stable up to and beyond 11 years post-gene therapy. Similarly, CD19+ B-cell and CD56+/CD16+ natural killer cell counts decreased to below baseline after treatment, attributable to conditioning and cessation of ERT; over time, the counts returned to approximately the baseline levels observed when previously on ERT. Restoration of B cell function was reflected by increased serum IgM and IgA levels to within normal limits over time. Among the 59 patients with successful transplants, 57 discontinued immunoglobulin-replacement therapy at a median of 12.4 months with maintenance of IgG levels in normal range after cessation. 24 of 24 (100%) of evaluable patients had protective (>0.15 IU/mL) anti-tetanus titers. Integration site analysis at latest follow-up indicated polyclonal engraftment in all treated patients, with no single clone accounting for more than 2.5% of total measured integrations. There were no vector or cell product-related adverse events.

Conclusions: Autologous gene therapy with UCL/A-ADA demonstrates safe and sustained restoration of immune function in patients with ADA-SCID.

These studies were funded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health award U01 AI100801 and the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) award CLIN2-09339. The National Gene Vector Biorepository (NGVB) (https://ngvbcc.org/) is funded with federal funds from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), under Contract no. 75N92019D00018.

Disclosures: Cornetta: Pfizer Foundation: Research Funding; National Institute of Health: Other: Research and contract funding; Amgen: Other: stock ; Charles River Laboratory, Genezen: Patents & Royalties: royalties. Booth: Ensoma: Consultancy; Rocket Pharmaceuticals Inc.: Consultancy; Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A.: Honoraria.

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