Session: 615. Acute Myeloid Leukemias: Clinical and Epidemiological: Poster II
Hematology Disease Topics & Pathways:
Acute Myeloid Malignancies, AML, Clinical Practice (Health Services and Quality), Elderly, Diseases, Myeloid Malignancies, Study Population, Human
Within the Rete Ematologica Lombarda (REL), we conducted a multicenter retrospective study, to assess the real-life experience in managing of elderly pts with newly diagnosed AML. In this report, we focused on pts defined as unfit for CT according the SIE/SIES/GITMO (“fitness”) criteria, a validated and comprehensive tool to define pts fitness for specific treatments. We evaluated the effect on survival (OS) of the presence of a specific criterion of unfitness, PS (ECOG), Charlsons Comorbidity Index (CCI), molecular data, and treatment received.
From Jan 20 to Dec 22, 726 pts (median age 75 years (y), range: 65-93) were diagnosed consecutively at 13 Hematology Units, 379 (52%) of whom were defined unfit for CT (median age 78 y, 50.6% de novo) and represent the study cohort. The majority of pts were classified as “unfit” according to the age criterion (>75 y) (65%), followed by the comorbidity criterion (22%) or by the presence of comorbidity and age criteria in 11% of cases. The most common comorbidities were severe pulmonary disease (30%), severe cardiopathy (10%), mental illness (9%), active infection (11%) or any other comorbidity according to physician’s judgment (40%). CCI was >3 in 43% and PS was >3 not-leukemia related in 2% of pts.
According to ELN17, evaluable in 273 pts, 18% were favorable (fav), 22% intermediate (int) and 60% adverse (adv). Mutations involved IDH1/2 in 34%, ASXL1 in 30%, TET2 in 30%, RUNX1 in 26%, TP53 in 20%, DNMT3A in 21%, NPM1 in 20%, K/NRAS in 21%, EZH2 in 19%, FLT3-ITD in 12% and splicing mutations in 33% of informative cases.
According to physicians’ decision, 75% of pts received non-intensive therapy (niT), HMA (azacytidine or decitabine) alone (27%, n=76) or in combination with VEN (73%, n=208). Only 1% of pts received CT and 23% best supportive care (BSC). The overall response rate in treated pts was 57%, including 45% of complete remission (CR), significantly higher in VEN-HMA than HMA [54% vs 20%, p:0.0001], including pts with adv ELN risk (40% vs 5.7%, p<0.0001) or secondary AML (s-AML) (40% vs 8.6%; p:0.0003).
After a median follow-up of 21.4 months (m) for living pts, the median OS of whole cohort was 13.6 m, 9.3 m in pts treated with niT and only 2 m in pts receiving BSC (p<0.0001). OS was significantly better in pts treated with VEN-HMA compared to HMA alone both overall (10 vs 7.2 m, p:0.002), and in the subgroups of pts categorized as unfit for severe comorbidities (12 vs 4 m, p<0.0001), in pts with CCI>2 (9.1 vs 7.3 m, p:0.019) and in pts with PS >2 (9.5 vs 6.8 m, p:0.027). In addition, VEN-HMA conferred better OS compared to HMA in de novo AML (13 vs 7m; p:0.0005), in fav and int ELN risk (not-reached vs 6.8 m in fav, p:0.04; 19.7 vs 3.7 m in int, p<0.0001, respectively). Conversely OS was similar between VEN-HMA and HMA alone in s-AML (8 vs 7 m, p: 0.3) and ELN adv risk (7.9 vs 5.8 m, p: 0.074).
Within VEN-HMA group, inferior survival was predicted by a diagnosis of s-AML (8 m vs 13 m in de novo, p:0.019), adv ELN (7.9 vs 10.4 m in int and 19.7 m in fav, p: 0.001), TP53 mutation (6.2 vs 16 m, p<0.001), absence of IDH mutations (8.9 vs 24.1 m; p 0.0022), absence of NPM1mutation (9.6 m vs not-reached, p:0.0007) or absence of DNMT3A (12.7 vs 33.7 m, p: 0.01). Conversely, no differences in OS were observed according to PS or CCI, to ELN risk or type of AML (de novo vs s-AML) in pts receiving HMA alone.
The main cause of death was disease progression (63%). The death rate in CR due to infection or induction-aplastic death was similar in VEN-HMA and in HMA (18% vs 17%).
This real-world study confirmed that VEN-HMA can be considered the standard of care for elderly AML pts, unfit for CT. Comorbidities or age should not limit the choice of VEN-HMA. However, in subgroups of unfit pts with s-AML or ELN adv-risk as well as with specific molecular characteristics, such as TP53 mutation, the combination obtains higher rates of CR, but it does not offer a survival advantage when compared to HMA alone.
Disclosures: Borlenghi: Amgen, Otzuka, Abbvie, Bristol Myers: Other: Advisory Board; abbvie, amgen: Other: travel grant. Zappasodi: Amgen: Honoraria; Abbvie: Honoraria; pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria; astellas: Honoraria. Fracchiolla: Amgen: Speakers Bureau; Jazz: Speakers Bureau; Abbvie: Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Speakers Bureau. Cattaneo: Pfizer: Other: travel grant; JANSSEN: Other: travel grant; Jazz: Other: travel grant. Lussana: Incyte: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Speakers Bureau; Abbvie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Bristol Myers Squibb: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Clinigen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Tucci: Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Lilly: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Kiowa Kyrin: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Beigene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Regeneron: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Incyte: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Abbvie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Sanofi: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Gentili: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.
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