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2164 Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Relapsed or Resistant Ph+ Acute B Lymphoblastic Leukemia That Cannot Get MRD- Remission after Multi-Line Treatment

Program: Oral and Poster Abstracts
Session: 723. Allogeneic Transplantation: Long-term Follow-up, Complications, and Disease Recurrence: Poster I
Hematology Disease Topics & Pathways:
Lymphoid Leukemias, ALL, Combination therapy, Adult, Drug development, Drug-drug interactions, Pediatric, Diseases, Therapy sequence, Treatment Considerations, Clinical procedures, Lymphoid Malignancies, Technology and Procedures, Study Population, Human, Measurable Residual Disease
Saturday, December 7, 2024, 5:30 PM-7:30 PM

Yanzhi Song1*, Erhui Yuan2*, Qishu Qin2*, Qi Wang2,3*, Zhanxiang Liu4*, Kong Gao4*, Zhihui Li1*, Yongqiang Zhao1* and Tong Wu, MD1

1Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital, Beijing, China
2Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Beijing Gobroad Boren Hospital, Beijing, China
3Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Beijing Gobroad Boren Hospital, Beijing, Beijing, China
4Beijing Gaobo Boren Hospital, Beijing, China

Background The prognosis of PH positive (+) acute B lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) has greatly improved after chemotherapy combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, there are still a great many patients who get complete remission (CR), but minimal residue disease (MRD) cannot change to negative (-) after multi-line chemotherapy and TKIs, even after chimeric antigen receptor T (CART) cells, CD3/CD19 bispecific antibody and inotuzumab ozogamicin salvage treatment. For these patients, the relapse rate is more than 70% and we performed allogeneic (allo-) hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for them and showed an excellent long-term result of efficacy and safety. Here we report our results.

Methods We consecutively included 32 PH+-B-ALL patients with good performance status who got morphologic complete remission (CR), but MRD could not change to negative (-) after ≥4 courses of chemotherapy and ≥2 kinds of TKIs, or after chimeric antigen receptor T (CART) cells, CD3/CD19 bispecific antibody or inotuzumab ozogamicin salvage treatment and received allo-HSCT in our hospital between Jan 2018 and Jul 2024. Median age of included patients was 30 (2-61) years and the ratio of female to male was 11:21. 10 (31.3%) patients were BCR-ABL1 continuing positive after >4 courses of chemotherapy (2 were also flow cytometric +), 14 (43.8%) patients were BCR-ABL1+ after one course of CART (13 CD19-CART and 1 CD22-CART, 3 were also flow cytometric +), 5 (15.6%) patients were BCR-ABL1+ after at least two courses of CART (CD19 and CD22-CART), 3 (9.4%) patients did not get CR after two or three courses of CART and then received CD3/CD19 bispecific antibody or inotuzumab ozogamicin and got morphologic CR. 17 (53.1%) patients received graft from haplo-identical donors, 11 (34.4%) from matched (HLA 10/10 or 9/10 matched) unrelated donors and 4 (12.5%) from matched sibling donors. Five (15.6%) were 2nd allo-HSCT. Myeloablative conditioning regimens were administered before HSCT with total body irradiation (fractionated, total 8~10 Gy) or busulfan (0.8mg/kg q6h x 3 days) /etoposide (200 mg/m2 x 3 days) or thiotepa (5 mg/kg x 2 days) /fludarabine (30 mg/m2 x 5 days) /Me-CCNU 250 mg/m2 /rabbit anti-T-cell globulin (for haplo-identical and unrelated HSCT). Cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil and short-term methotrexate were employed to prevent acute (a) graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Patients received maintenance regimens with TKIs based on whether T315I mutation was exist up to two years post-HSCT.

Results All the 32 patients achieved durable engraftment. The median follow-up time was 725.5 (50~1889) days. 25 patients were alive without leukemia detected and the two-year OS (overall survival) and LFS (leukemia-free survival) post-HSCT were 83.3% and 79.9%, respectively. There was no difference in OS and LFS for patients who had received CART or not (both P>0.05). Three patients (9.4%) relapsed, in which two died of relapse, and three patients (9.4%) died of transplantation-related events. Eight patients (25%) occurred serious infections, in which six were lung infection, one was intracranial infection and one was abdominal infection, and one died of infection. Nine patients (28.1%) developed I~II aGVHD and were cured after treatment. Four patients (12.5%) developed grade III~IV aGVHD, in which two died of aGVHD. Four patients (12.5%) had extensive chronic GVHD (cGVHD), two were obliterative bronchiolitis syndrome (BOS), one was arthrosclerosis, and one was multi-organ involved. They were relieved after combined immunosuppressive therapy. CMV and EBV reactivation were detected in nine (28.1%) and two (6.3%) patients, respectively, but no CMV or EBV disease developed. Four (12.5%) cases developed III/IV hemorrhagic cystitis. Two patients had human parvovirus B19 and one had adenovirus infection. One had human herpes virus 6 viremia. All of them resolved after anti-virus treatment.

Conclusion For these so heavily treated patients the OS and LFS reached to 83.3% and 79.9%, and the transplantation-related mortality was only 9.4%. Therefore, we conclude allo-HSCT is effective and safe for PH+-B-ALL patients who have gotten morphologic CR, but MRD cannot change to negative. In addition, it is demonstrated that for patients whose MRD cannot change to negative after both multi-line chemotherapy and CART treatment, allo-HSCT is also the potentially curative treatment regimen.

Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

*signifies non-member of ASH