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3517 Factors Associated with Graft-Versus-Host Disease after Related Donor Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation with Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide-Based GvHD Prophylaxis

Program: Oral and Poster Abstracts
Session: 722. Allogeneic Transplantation: Acute and Chronic GVHD and Immune Reconstitution: Poster II
Hematology Disease Topics & Pathways:
Treatment Considerations, Biological therapies, Transplantation (Allogeneic and Autologous)
Sunday, December 8, 2024, 6:00 PM-8:00 PM

Muhammad Umair Mushtaq1,2,3, Amir Kasaeian2,3*, Muhammad Kashif Amin, MD1,2,3*, Hediyeh Alemi2,3*, Naghmeh Khavandgar2,3*, Aqeeb Ur Rehman, MD2,3*, Sibgha Gull Chaudhary, MD2,3*, Matthew McGuirk2,3*, Al-Ola Abdallah, MD1,2, Anurag K. Singh, MD1,2,3, Sunil Abhyankar, MD1,2,3, Mehdi Hamadani, MD3,4, Joseph P. McGuirk, DO1,2,3 and Moazzam Shahzad, MD2,3,5

1US Myeloma Innovations Research Collaborative (USMIRC), Kansas City, KS
2Division of Hematologic Malignancies & Cellular Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
3Mikael Rayaan Foundation Global Health Consortium, Kansas City, KS
4Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
5Department of Oncological Sciences, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL

Background: Graft versus host disease (GvHD) remains a significant complication after allogeneic hematological cell transplantation (allo-HCT), adversely impacting quality of life and leading to high morbidity and mortality post-transplant. Several studies have reported the factors affecting the development of GvHD, but data is limited in post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PT-Cy)-based GvHD Prophylaxis. This study aimed to explore factors associated with acute GvHD (aGvHD) and chronic GvHD (cGvHD) following related donor allo-HCT with PT-Cy-based GvHD prophylaxis.

Methods: In this multicenter retrospective study, we included the first related donor allo-HCT recipients from 2012 to 2017 who received PT-Cy-based GvHD prophylaxis, in the publicly available Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant (CIBMTR) dataset (P-5737, Ustun et al). Patient-, disease- and transplant-related factors were compared using the Chi-square test for categorical variables and the Wilcoxon two-sample test for continuous variables. Logistic regression analyses were performed for acute and chronic GvHD, and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Variables with p-values <0.2 in univariable analysis and the clinically relevant variables were included in the multivariable models. Statistical analyses were conducted using Stata version 18, and significance was defined as p<0.05.

Results: We included 865 allo-HCT recipients, including 64% (n=550) haploidentical (haplo) and 36% (n=315) matched sibling donor (MSD) transplants. The median age was 57 years, and 59.5% were male. Caucasians were most common (64%), followed by African Americans (18%), Hispanics (10%), and others (8%). Hematologic diagnoses included acute myeloid leukemia (AML, 54.5%), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS, 26%), and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL, 19.5%). Myeloablative conditioning was performed in 43% of recipients. The graft source was peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) in 65% and bone marrow (BM) in 35% of patients. The median donor age was 38 years, and 63% were male. The Karnofsky performance status (KPS) was 90% or higher in 50% of patients and the comorbidity index (HCT-CI) was less than 3 in 51% of patients. The median follow-up time was 3.6 years. Grade II-IV acute GvHD was observed in 310 (35.8%) and chronic GvHD was noted in 290 (33.5%) patients. Significant correlates of lower grade II-IV acute GvHD included hematologic diagnosis (ALL or MDS compared to AML, p=0.006), ethnicity (Asians compared to Caucasians, p<0.001), reduced intensity conditioning (p=0.027), and no use of growth factors (p=0.004) while significant correlates of lower chronic GvHD included bone marrow graft (p<0.001), ethnicity (Asians compared to Caucasians, p=0.018), lower CD34 cell dose (p=0.007) and no history of acute GvHD (p<0.001). In multivariate analyses for grade II-IV acute GvHD, ALL (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.33-0.96, p=0.035) or MDS (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.08-0.97, p=0.044) compared to AML and Asian ethnicity compared to Caucasians (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.10-0.54, p=0.001) predicted a lower risk while the use of growth factors predicted a higher risk (OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.17-3.30, p=0.011) of acute GvHD. In multivariate analyses for chronic GvHD, Asian ethnicity compared to Caucasians (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.16-0.75, p=0.007) predicted a lower risk while the PBSC graft (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.54-3.76, p<0.001) predicted a higher risk of chronic GVHD. In multivariate analyses for acute or chronic GvHD, MDS (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.06-0.70, p=0.012) compared to AML and Asian ethnicity compared to Caucasians (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.14-0.53, p<0.001) predicted a lower risk while the use of growth factors (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.00-2.47, p=0.048) and PBSC graft (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.11-2.48, p=0.013) predicted a higher risk of developing either acute or chronic GvHD.

Conclusion: In this multi-center registry study of MSD and haplo HCT with PT-Cy-based GvHD prophylaxis, MDS or ALL diagnosis compared to AML and Asian ethnicity predicted a lower risk while the use of growth factors and PBSC graft predicted a higher risk of developing GvHD. Other patient- and transplant-related factors did not have a significant association.

Disclosures: Mushtaq: Iovance Biotherapeutics: Research Funding. Abhyankar: CSL Behring, Miltenyi Biotec.: Research Funding; Incyte: Consultancy. Hamadani: Byondis: Consultancy; DMC, Inc: Speakers Bureau; Caribou: Consultancy; Myeloid Therapeutics: Speakers Bureau; Genentech: Speakers Bureau; CRISPR: Speakers Bureau; Takeda: Research Funding; Autolus: Consultancy; BeiGene: Speakers Bureau; AstraZeneca: Speakers Bureau; Sanofi Genzyme: Speakers Bureau; AbbVie: Consultancy; Forte Biosciences: Consultancy; Allovir: Consultancy; CRISPR: Consultancy; Genmab: Consultancy; BMS: Consultancy; Omeros: Consultancy; Astellas Pharma: Research Funding; Kite Pharma: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Spectrum Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; ADC Therapeutics: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. McGuirk: CRISPR therapeutics: Consultancy; NEKTAR therapeutics: Consultancy; Legend biotech: Consultancy; Autolus: Consultancy; Envision: Consultancy; Sana technologies: Consultancy; Caribou bio: Consultancy; Allo Vir: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Kite: Consultancy; BMS: Consultancy.

*signifies non-member of ASH