Type: Oral
Session: 732. Allogeneic Transplantation: Disease Response and Comparative Treatment Studies: Use of Molecular Techniques for Risk Stratification
Hematology Disease Topics & Pathways:
Biological therapies, AML, Acute Myeloid Malignancies, Research, Translational Research, Clinical Research, Diseases, Therapies, registries, Myeloid Malignancies, Transplantation
Methods: This is a retrospective, registry-based, multicenter analysis from the EBMT with the approval of the EBMT Acute Leukemia Working Party. Adult patients aged more than 18 years with a diagnosis of AML who received an allo-HSCT between 2013-2022, with an available genetic profile determined at diagnosis by next generation sequencing (NGS) were included.
Results: We identified 836 allografted AML patients who had NGS performed at diagnosis. Most of these patients had de novo AML (88%), with a median age of 53 years (range: 18-78 years). Karyotype was favorable in 7%, intermediate in 69% and adverse in 24% of patients. At transplant, 74% of patients were in first remission (CR1) and 13% in CR2. The most frequent detectable mutations by frequency were DNMT3A (33%), FLT3 (29%), NPM1 (29%), TET2 (28%), NRAS (23%), RUNX1 (22%), WT1 (22%), BCOR (19%), ASXL1 (17%), IDH2 (17%), IDH1 (15%), SRSF2 (13%), STAG2 (12%), CEBPA (11%), TP53 (10%), KRAS (10%), and PTPN11 (10%). By multiple correspondence analysis, two independent groups of co-occurring mutations were identified, the first group included DNMT3A, NPM1 and FLT3, the second group included ASXL1, SRSF2 and RUNX1. Outcome analysis was performed on the subset of 298 patients allografted in CR1 with available data for the aforementioned six genes (DNMT3A, NPM1, FLT3, ASXL1, SRSF2 and RUNX1). Most of these patients had de novo AML (90%), with a median age of 53 years (range: 19-75 years). Patients received primarily reduced intensity conditioning (58%) and peripheral blood stem cells (93%) from matched sibling donors (35%), matched unrelated (28%), and haploidentical donors (21%). Seventy percent of these patients had intermediate-risk cytogenetics, while 27% were classified as adverse-risk. Median follow up calculated by the reverse Kaplan-Meier method was 2.5 years. Overall, the 2-year relapse incidence (RI), leukemia-free survival (LFS) and overall survival (OS) were 24%, 62% and 69%, respectively. When outcome analysis was performed according to the presence or absence of single mutations, none of the six mutations significantly affected RI or LFS. The 2-year OS was positively affected by the presence of NPM1 mutation (78% vs 66%; p=0.02) and FLT3 (79% vs 65%, p=0.01) but not significantly affected by the other 4 mutations. When mutations were investigated in groups, the 2-year RI, LFS and OS were 24%, 70% and 78%, respectively, for patients with NPM1 mutation regardless of other co-mutations, 35%, 56% and 69% for patients with FLT3-ITD and/or DNMT3A mutation, wild type NPM1, regardless of other co-mutations, 17%, 70% and 74% for patients with RUNX1 and/or ASXL1 and/or SRSF2 mutation without FLT3-ITD and with wild type NPM1 and wild type DNMT3A, and 20%, 56% and 61% for patients with all six genes unmutated.
Conclusion: NGS at diagnosis can be extremely useful in risk stratification of AML patients undergoing allo-HSCT, potentially allowing adequate post-transplant interventions. Notably, the 2-year LFS of 70% for patients harboring RUNX1 and/or ASXL1 and/or SRSF2 mutation indicates that allo-HSCT can overcome the adverse risk associated with these somatic mutations at diagnosis.
Disclosures: Mayer: BeiGene: Research Funding. Bug: Pfizer: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; Jazz: Honoraria, Research Funding; BMS: Honoraria, Research Funding; Gilead: Honoraria, Research Funding. Ribera: AMGEN: Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy; Takeda: Consultancy; Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy, Research Funding; Incyte: Consultancy, Research Funding. Kwon: Jazz: Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Speakers Bureau; Kite-Gilead: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau. Ciceri: ExCellThera: Other: Scientific Advisory Board . Mohty: JAZZ PHARMACEUTICALS: Honoraria, Research Funding.