Session: 705. Cellular Immunotherapies: Late Phase and Commercially Available Therapies: Poster III
Hematology Disease Topics & Pathways:
Research, Clinical Research, Plasma Cell Disorders, Diseases, Lymphoid Malignancies
Methods: Three U.S. academic centers, part of the U.S. Myeloma Innovations Research Collaborative (USMIRC), contributed data to this analysis, which included patients with RRMM who had received an ide-cel or cilta-cel infusion ≥30 days prior to data-cut off (7/1/2023). Baseline patient characteristics were outlined by descriptive analyses. Responses including overall response (ORR), and complete response or better (≥CR) rates were evaluated using the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) criteria. Statistical analysis was done with the Fisher's exact test and Kaplan Meier method for progression free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) calculations.
Results: A total of 132 patients who received commercial (standard of care) BCMA-directed CAR T-cell therapy between 5/1/2021 and 5/30/2023 were included in this study. Out of these, 64 (48%) patients had a previous history or existing EMD prior to CART infusion. Table 1 summarizes the main patient characteristics and outcomes stratified as EMD and non-EMD groups. Both groups had comparable baseline patient and disease characteristics including median age, ECOG performance status, median bone marrow plasma cell percentage, high-risk cytogenetics, number of prior LOT, refractoriness status prior to CART and type of CAR T-cell product received. CART-related toxicities were comparable between the EMD and the non EMD groups. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) was seen in 73% (≥ grade 3: 5%) of EMD patients vs 79% (≥ grade 3: 4%) of non-EMD patients (p=0.79). Likewise, immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) was noted in 28% (≥ grade 3: 5%) of EMD patients vs 32% (≥ grade 3: 9%) of non-EMD patients (p=0.72). Infections were seen in 39% of the EMD group vs 28% of the non-EMD group (p=0.38). Response rates were also similar between the EMD vs non EMD cohorts: ORR 78% vs 96% (p=0.44); and ≥CR rate 42% vs 51% (p=0.54), respectively. With a median follow up of 7.2 (range 0.5-22.8) months for the entire patient cohort, the estimated median PFS was inferior for the EMD group (6.5 months [95% CI, 5.1-9.6]) compared to the non-EMD group (9.8 months [95% CI, 8.2-16.4]) (p=0.017) (Figure 1). At the time of data cut-off, 43 patients had died, 77% from disease progression, 11.5% from CART-related complications and 11.5% from unrelated causes. The estimated median OS was significantly worse for the EMD group (12.9 months [95% CI, 9.5-NA]) compared to the non-EMD group (19.4 months [95% CI, 1.2-NA]) (p=0.031).
Conclusions: This is the largest multicenter retrospective study delineating the real-world outcomes of ide-cel and cilta-cel CAR T-cell therapies in RRMM patients with the high-risk disease feature of EMD. Based on our results, patients with prior history or presence of existing EMD at the time of CART infusion did not have any excessive treatment-related toxicities. However, these patients did experience shorter PFS and OS compared to patients without EMD highlighting the presence of EMD as a risk factor for poor outcomes after CART. Therefore, this group of patients should be considered for pre- and post-CART risk mitigation strategies aiming to prevent disease progression and improve survival outcomes.
Disclosures: Rice: Janssen: Other: Advisory Board. Khouri: Janssen: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events; GPCR Therapeutics: Other: Payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events. Raza: Prothena: Honoraria; ATARA Therapeutics: Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company; Autolus Therapeutics: Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company; Kite Pharma: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria. McGuirk: Astellas Pharma: Research Funding; Fresenius Biotech: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; EcoR1 Capital: Consultancy; Magenta Therapeutics: Consultancy; Allovir: Consultancy, Research Funding; Juno Therapeutics: Consultancy; Kite: Consultancy, Research Funding; Bellicum Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Gamida Cell: Research Funding; Pluristem Therapeutics: Research Funding. Ahmed: Kite: Consultancy, Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy. Hashmi: BMS: Honoraria; Karyopharm: Speakers Bureau; Sanofi: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; GSK: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Jannsen: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau.