Type: Oral
Session: 731. Clinical Autologous Transplantation: Results: Multiple Myeloma: Upfront Autologous Transplantation
Hematology Disease Topics & Pathways:
Adult, Biological, multiple myeloma, Diseases, Therapies, Study Population, Plasma Cell Disorders, Clinically relevant, Lymphoid Malignancies, transplantation
Aims: We performed a post-hoc analysis of that study to evaluate long term results and construct a prognostic index of survival.
Methods: 474 patients were enrolled, 236 randomized to VTD and 238 to TD. Median follow-up for surviving patients was 124 months (IQR: 117-131). Analyses were performed on an intention-to-treat basis. Semi-parametric Cox regression analysis was used to construct the prognostic index. To assess the evolution of prognosis over time, conditional survival CS(t|s) estimate for PFS was calculated as the probability of surviving without progression a further 2 (t) years (yrs) after having already survived s yrs.
Results: Estimates of PFS and OS at 10 yrs for the VTD arm were 34% (HR=0.62; 95% CI=0.50-0.77; p<0.001) and 60% (HR=0.68, 95% CI=0.51-0.90; p=0.007), respectively, compared with TD (corresponding values, 17% and 46%), representing a 38-32% reduction in the risk of progression and death with VTD. Outcome benefits with VTD were seen for patients with high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities (HCRA), including t(4;14) and/or del(17p) by FISH, (PFS: 17% vs 3% at 10 yrs, HR=0.45, 95% CI=0.30-0.69; p<0.001; OS: 42% vs 22% at 10 yrs, HR=0.54, 95% CI=0.34-0.88; p=0.011) and lacking HRCA (PFS: 40% vs 20%, HR=0.60, 95% CI=0.46-0.79; p<0.001; OS: 67% vs 52%, HR=0.66, 95% CI=0.46-0.95; p=0.025). On multivariate Cox regression analysis, randomization to VTD predicted for both prolonged PFS (HR=0.60, 95% CI=0.48-0.76; p<0.001) and OS (HR=0.68, 95% CI=0.50-0.91; p=0.010). Specific multivariate regression analysis not including therapy revealed that the leading factors adversely affecting PFS were the presence of HRCA (HR=1.86, 95% CI=1.45-2.38; p<0.001), ISS stage II+III (HR=1.38, 95% CI=1.10-1.74; p=0.006), and failure to achieve CR as time-dependent variable (HR=2.01, 95% CI=1.59-2.53; p<0.001). The three variables were used to build a scoring system that stratified patients into three risk groups with divergent clinical outcomes: low-risk (LR) (22%, none of the 3 adverse variables), intermediate-risk (IR) (39%, 1 adverse variable), and high-risk (HR) (39%, 2 or 3 adverse variables). Estimated 10-yr PFS rates were 44% for patients in LR, 28% for IR, and 9% for HR (p<0.001). Estimated 10-yr OS rates were 76%, 58%, and 32%, respectively (p<0.001). Consensually, the prognostic score identified three groups with statistically different PFS and OS within the TD and VTD arm (p<0.001). On VTD, the 10-yr PFS and OS rates were 51% and 79% for LR, 41% and 62% for IR, 13% and 43% for HR, respectively. Randomization to receive VTD was associated with longer PFS for the IR (41% vs 15% at 10 yrs, HR=0.50, 95% CI=0.34-0.73; p<0.001) and HR (13% vs 7% at 10 yrs, HR=0.66, 95% CI=0.47-0.92; p=0.015) subgroups compared with TD. Moreover, HR patients assigned to VTD had significantly longer OS in comparison with the same group of patients on TD (43% vs 23% at 10 yrs, HR=0.65, 95% CI=0.43-0.97; p=0.033). Assessment of conditional survival revealed that the probability of surviving without progression a further 2 yrs improved progressively after 36 months, being 65% and reaching the 91% at 96 months (p value for trend=0.009). The conditional PFS became superimposable after 78 months for the LR and IR (87% and 86%, respectively), while resulted significantly lower in the HR (62.5%) (p=0.008).
Conclusions: With a follow up of 10 yrs, the final analysis of the GYMEMA MMY-3006 trial comparing VTD versus TD showed a persistent PFS benefit translating into extended OS for the VTD arm. A prognostic model based on cytogenetic, ISS stage and achievement of CR, identified three risk groups with statistically different long-term survival probabilities. Both IR and HR groups significantly benefited from VTD. A PFS time of 78 months predicted for long term survival outcomes in the LR and IR groups.
Disclosures: Tacchetti: Celgene: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria; Amgen: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BMS: Honoraria; Takeda: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Di Raimondo: Takeda: Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene: Honoraria. Zamagni: Celgene: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Takeda: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BMS: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Bringhen: Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria; Celgene: Honoraria; Amgen: Honoraria, Other: Advisory Board; Janssen: Honoraria, Other: Advisory Board; Takeda: Consultancy. Offidani: Celgene: Honoraria, Other: Advisory Board; Janssen: Honoraria, Other: Advisory Board; Amgen: Honoraria, Other: Advisory Board; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria, Other: Advisory Board; Takeda: Honoraria, Other: Advisory Board. Montefusco: Celgene: Other: Advisory Board; Amgen: Other: Advisory Board; Janssen: Other: Advisory Board. Cavo: Amgen: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Adaptive Biotechnologies: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Takeda: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; GlaxoSmithKline: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; AbbVie: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.