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3852 A New Model to Predict Remission Status in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Patients Based on Day 14 Bone Marrow (D14 BM) Biopsy

Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Biology, Cytogenetics and Molecular Markers in Diagnosis and Prognosis
Program: Oral and Poster Abstracts
Session: 617. Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Biology, Cytogenetics and Molecular Markers in Diagnosis and Prognosis: Poster III
Monday, December 7, 2015, 6:00 PM-8:00 PM
Hall A, Level 2 (Orange County Convention Center)

Maxim Norkin, MD, PhD1, Myron Chang, PhD2*, An Qi, PhD3*, Helen Leather, BPharm1, Lakshmikanth Katragadda, MD1, Ying Li, MD, PhD4*, Jan S Moreb, MD1, W. Stratford May, MD, PhD1, Randy A. Brown, MD1, Jack W. Hsu, MD1, John W Hiemenz, MD1*, John R Wingard, MD1* and Christopher R. Cogle, MD1

1University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
2Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
3University of Florida, College of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Gainesville, FL
4Pathology, Immunoolgy and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL

Introduction: Although day D14 BM after initiation of induction chemotherapy is accepted standard of care in AML patients (pts), it has poor predictive value and low accuracy for refractory disease. Currently there are no established clinical and laboratory factors which accurately predict which AML pts with positive D14 BM require immediate reduction chemotherapy for persistent disease and which pts achieve complete remission (CR)

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed pretreatment factors and post-induction response in AML pts to determine if clinical and laboratory characteristics can improve the predictive value of the D14 BM evaluation.

Results: Among 297 pts with D14 BM biopsies, 183 pts (61%) had positive D14 BM (either ≥ 5% myeloblasts or cellularity ≥ 20%). Of those with a positive D14 BM biopsy, no reinduction chemotherapy was given to 89 pts of which 57 (64%) pts had persistent disease at count recovery and 32 (36%) pts achieved CR. Persistent disease at count recovery after positive D14 BM was more likely associated with higher percentage of D14 myeloblasts, history of relapsed disease, and poor-risk disease category than pts with positive D14 BM who achieved CR. Age, D14 BM cellularity, and WBC at first day of induction chemotherapy had no significant influence on remission status in pts with a positive D14 BM (Table 1). We developed, and tested in a validation cohort, new prediction model using both D14 BM status and clinical/laboratory factors such as the percentage of blasts, history of relapsed disease, and poorer disease risk category. Then we compared results of this prediction model to that of D14 BM alone without the usage of clinical/laboratory prognostic factors. Our prediction model significantly improved the positive predictive value (84% vs.64% P=0.001) and the accuracy of prediction of recovery marrow status (0.88% vs. 80%, P=0.002) in AML pts with positive D14 BM (Table 2).

Conclusion: In this study we developed and validated a new prediction model for interpreting D14 BM biopsies in AML pts after induction chemotherapy. With the addition of readily available clinical and laboratory information, our multivariable model provides a more accurate prediction of recovery bone marrow status and identification of patients with positive D14 BM who may not benefit from early reduction chemotherapy.

Table 1. Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of AML Patients with Positive D14 BM Who Did Not Receive Immediate Reinduction Chemotherapy.

Persistent AML at count recovery

CR+CRi

P value

Number

57

32

Age, years                                              Median (min, max)

59 (19, 75)

55.5 (20, 78)

0.064*

WBC Count at Induction, x 109/L        Median (min, max)

5.7 (0, 285)

3 (0, 95)

0.25*

D14 Cellularity, %                                 Median (min, max)

10 (5, 40)

10 (3, 60)

0.079*

D14 Blasts, %                                                           0-10

                                                                               10%-30

                                                                                     >30

13

20

24

15

13

4

0.0023*

Disease Status Before Induction Therapy           De novo

                                                                               Relapsed

19

38

26

6

<0.0001**

Antecedent Hematologic Disorder                              Yes

                                                                                        No

25

32

6

26

0.021**

Risk                                                          Favorable/Normal

                                                                                     High

13

44

19

13

0.0013***

AML, acute myeloid leukemia; CR, complete remission; CRi, complete remission with incomplete count recovery; D, day; WBC, white blood cell.

* Wilcoxon rank sum test. ** Fisher’s exact test.*** Chi-square test

Table 2. Performance of Models in Prediction of Recovery Bone Marrow using the D14 BM with and without Clinical/laboratory Diagnostic Factors (N = 203)

Sensitivity

Specificity

PPV

NPV

Accuracy

P value*

Without prognostic factors

0.88

0.77

0.64

0.93

0.80

0.002

With prognostic factors**

0.78

0.93

0.84

0.90

0.88

* Comparison of accuracies by two-sample binomial test. ** The percentage of myeloblasts in the D14 BM, disease status, and risk category were used as prognostic factors.NPV, negative predictive value; PPV, positive predictive variable.


Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

*signifies non-member of ASH